Quelles cibles moléculaires pourraient expliquer l’effet du terroir sur la composition des baies en sucres et acides?

During wine production process high attention to the microbiological control from fermentation of the grape must to bottling is necessary. In fact, control of the indigenous microflora of the grape ensures correct fermentation activity of the inoculated starter, while control of the microorganisms in the finished wine is essential to prevent wine spoilage and to ensure the dominance of the desired bacteria when malolactic fermentation is required (Mas and Portillo, 2022).

Context and purpose of the study. Anthocyanins are essential phenolic compounds in red wine, contributing significantly to colour intensity, stability, and sensory quality.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important economic crops in the world. Because of this importance, one finds widespread molecular genetic research on this species, an important element of which is high quality RNA.

Botrytis cinerea, a well-known grapevine pathogen, has more than 1200 host plants causing grey rot in grapevine berries. However, it can also result in a desirable phenomenon called noble rot under specific microclimate conditions. An extraordinary demonstration of this natural process can be observed in the creation of aszú wines within Hungary’s Tokaj wine region. Beside B. cinerea other fungi and yeasts are involved in the secondary metabolic development of the grape berry which contributes to the sensory and analytical characterization of noble rot wines.

Yeast species S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and their hybrids present clear metabolic differences, even when we compared S. cerevisiae wine versus wild strain. These species and hybrids produced significantly higher amounts of glycerol, organic acids, 2,3-butanediol, and 2-phenyl ethanol and a reduction of the ethanol yield, properties very interesting in the sector to deal with climate change effects. To understand the existing differences, we have used several omics techniques to analyze the dynamics of the (intra- and extracellular) metabolomes and/or transcriptomes of representative strains of S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii, and hybrids.