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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Impact assessment of the reverse osmosis technique in wine alcohol management

Impact assessment of the reverse osmosis technique in wine alcohol management

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of reverse osmosis on stable isotope ratios, which serve as markers for wine authenticity, particularly in relation to ethanol content reduction. The research focused on Fetească albă, a white wine from the Cotnari vineyard, where varying amounts of permeate were extracted using reverse osmosis. Additionally, dilution experiments were conducted by adding 10% and 20% permeate to the control wine. Isotope analyses for δ18O and δ13C were performed using IRMS, while (D/H)I and (D/H)II values were measured with SNIF-NMR. No significant changes were observed in δ13CCPDB and δ18OVSMOW values. However, ANOVA revealed significant differences in (D/H)I, (D/H)II, and R values, indicating that reverse osmosis influenced the wine samples. Notably, the (D/H)I ratio differed significantly between permeate and retentate samples (p<0.05), a trend also confirmed for (D/H)II (ppm) between control/permeate and control/retentate (p<0.05), as well as for R values. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between δ13CVPDB (r = 0.516, p<0.05) and (D/H)I with added permeate (r = 0.709, p<0.05). Isotope parameters effectively distinguished differences in ethanol content between control and treated wines.

Valutazione dell’impatto dell’utilizzo delle tecniche di osmosi inversa per la gestione dell’alcol nel vino

L’autenticità e la composizione del vino possono essere influenzate da una serie di processi di separazione a membrana come l’osmosi inversa. Nel contesto del cambiamento climatico, la tendenza naturale è quella di ottenere vini con una concentrazione alcolica più elevata quando si utilizzano metodi di vinificazione classici, e questo può indurre un’alterazione della tipicità dei vini mascherando le proprietà olfattive e gustative. Questo studio mirava a valutare l’influenza delle tecniche di osmosi inversa utilizzate per la diminuzione del contenuto di etanolo sui rapporti isotopici stabili come marcatori delle caratteristiche di autenticità del vino. Materiali e metodi: gli esperimenti sono stati condotti su un vino bianco proveniente dal vigneto cotnari, dal quale sono state estratte diverse proporzioni di permeato mediante osmosi inversa (10, 20, 30, 40 e 50%), nonché un esperimento di diluizione del vino controllo con addizionato di permeato al 10 e 20%, ottenuto dallo stesso tipo di trattamento. L’analisi isotopica è stata eseguita per 18o/16o e 13c/12c utilizzando lo spettrometro di massa per rapporti isotopici irms (oiv-ma-as312-06), mentre i rapporti (d/h)i e (d/h)ii dei vini sono stati valutati utilizzando rmn ascend 400/avance iii 400 bruker, spettrometro di risonanza magnetica nucleare snif-rnm (oiv-ma-as311-05). Le modifiche del δ(‰) sono state valutate per i permeati e anche per i campioni di retenato in relazione ai materiali di riferimento. Risultati: in termini di valori medi, non sono state registrate differenze statistiche per d13c/12cpdb [‰] e anche per d18o/16o [‰]. In cambio, sono state registrate diverse differenze per (d/h)i (ppm), (d/h)ii (ppm) e r (distribuzione relativa del deuterio in molecole di etanolo) durante l’applicazione anova. Ciò ha mostrato una maggiore influenza del processo di osmosi inversa applicato ai campioni di vino. Vale a dire, il rapporto (d/h)i (ppm) presentava una differenza significativa tra i campioni di permeato e retenato (p<0,05), confermato dal rapporto (d/h)ii (ppm) controllo)/permeato (p<0,05) e controllo/retentato (p<0,05) con la stessa situazione per r. Per quanto riguarda i volumi di diluizione e di estrazione, sono stati calcolati i coefficienti di correlazione in relazione alle variazioni del permeato e della diluizione. I calcoli hanno mostrato una correlazione diretta di r con 13c/12cpdb [‰] (r=0,516, p<0,05) e una correlazione diretta di (d/h)i (ppm) con il permeato aggiunto (r=0,709, p<0,05). Conclusione: utilizzando parametri isotopici come i rapporti 18o/16o, 13c/12c e (d/h)i (ppm) e (d/h)ii rispettivamente e la correlazione tra questi rapporti, è stato possibile valutare la differenza tra permeato e contenuto alcolico di ritenzione, rispettivamente, al fine di determinare se i metodi di lavorazione fisica alterano il carattere specifico modificando i rapporti dei parametri isotopici considerati rilevanti per l’autenticità del vino.

Evaluation de l’impact de l’utilisation des techniques d’osmose inverse pour la gestion de l’alcool dans le vin

L’authenticité et la composition du vin peuvent être influencées par une gamme de processus de séparation des membranes tels que l’osmose inverse. Dans le contexte du changement climatique, la tendance naturelle est d’obtenir des vins avec une concentration alcoolique plus élevée lorsque des méthodes classiques de vinification sont employées, ce qui peut induire une altération de la typicité des vins en masquant les propriétés olfactives et gustatives. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’influence des techniques d’osmose inverse utilisées pour réduire la teneur en éthanol sur les ratios isotopiques stables en tant que marqueurs des caractéristiques d’authenticité du vin. Matériaux et méthodes: des expériences ont été réalisées sur un vin blanc du vignoble de cotnari, à partir duquel différentes proportions de perméat ont été extraites par osmose inverse (10, 20, 30, 40 et 50%) ainsi qu’une expérience de dilution du vin témoin avec 10 et 20% de perméat ajouté, obtenu à partir du même type de traitement. Les analyses isotopiques ont été effectuées pour 18o/16o et 13c/12c en utilisant le spectromètre de masse de rapport isotopique irms (oiv-ma-as312-06), tandis que les ratios (d/h)i et (d/h)ii des vins ont été évalués en utilisant le spectromètre de résonance magnétique nucléaire rmn ascend 400/avance iii 400 bruker, spectromètre de résonance magnétique nucléaire snif-rnm (oiv-ma-as311-05). Les modifications des δ(‰) ont été évaluées pour les perméats et également pour les échantillons retenus par rapport aux matériaux de référence. Résultats: en termes de valeurs moyennes, aucune différence statistique n’a été enregistrée pour d13c/12cpdb [‰] et également pour d18o/16o [‰]. En revanche, plusieurs différences ont été enregistrées pour (d/h)i (ppm), (d/h)ii (ppm) et r (distribution relative du deutérium dans les molécules d’éthanol) lors de l’application de l’anova. Cela a montré une influence plus importante du processus d’osmose inverse appliqué aux échantillons de vin. Notamment, le ratio (d/h)i (ppm) a présenté une différence significative entre les échantillons de perméat et de réténat (p<0,05), confirmée par le ratio h/dii(ppm) (témoin)/perméat (p<0,05) et le témoin/réténat (p<0,05) avec la même situation pour r. En ce qui concerne les volumes de dilution et d’extraction, des coefficients de corrélation ont été calculés par rapport aux variations de perméat et de dilution. Les calculs ont montré une corrélation directe de r avec 13c/12cpdb [‰] (r=0,516, p<0,05) et une corrélation directe de (d/h)i (ppm) avec le perméat ajouté (r=0,709, p<0,05). Conclusion: en utilisant des paramètres isotopiques tels que les ratios 18o/16o, 13c/12c et (d/h)i (ppm) et (d/h)ii respectivement et la corrélation entre ces ratios, il a été possible d’évaluer la différence entre les contenus alcooliques du perméat et de la rétention, respectivement, afin de déterminer si les méthodes de traitement physique altèrent le caractère spécifique en modifiant les ratios de paramètres isotopiques considérés comme pertinents pour l’authenticité du vin.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Zamfir Cătălin-Ioan1, Nechita Constantin-Bogdan1, Niculaua Marius1, Niță George Răzvan2, Ionete Roxana Elena3, Costinel Diana3, Cioroiu Ionel-Bogdan1, Cotea V. Valeriu1,2

1 Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Research Centre for Oenology Iași
2 Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS)
3 National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies – ICSI Rm. Vâlcea

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Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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