Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Thermal conditions during the grape ripening period in viticulture geoclimate. Cool night index and thermal amplitude

Thermal conditions during the grape ripening period in viticulture geoclimate. Cool night index and thermal amplitude

Abstract

c L’objectif du travail est de caractériser le régime thermique, notamment la fraîcheur,, des nuits et l’amplitude thermique au cours de la maturation, au niveau du climat viticole mondial, sur une base des données de 100 régions viticoles dans 30 pays, obtenue par l’intermédiaire de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Météorologie – OMM. Plusieurs indices climatiques viticoles ont été calculés: l’Indice de Fraîcheur des Nuits – IH (°C), l’Indice Héliothermique de Huglin – IH (°C) et l’Indice de Sécheresse – IS (mm) du Système de Classification Climatique Multicritères Géoviticole, et l’amplitude thermique moyenne en août et septembre Aa-s (0C). Egalement, sur la période véraison-récolte – v-r (moyenne des 30 jours précédant la date de récolte, estimée sur la base d’un Indice Héliothermique de HUGLIN égal à 1.900 – approximatif pour la maturation du Cabernet-Sauvignon) : la fraîcheur des nuits (FNv-r), la température moyenne de l’air (Tv-r), la température maximale de l’air (Txv-r) et l’amplitude thermique (Av-r). Les résultats montrent que IH est corrélé avec Tv-r (r=0,79) et avec Txv-r (r=0,80). IH représente donc bien les conditions thermiques générales de la période de maturation en ce qui concerne la température moyenne et maximale de l’air. Mais IH n’est pas corrélé ni avec Aa-s ni avec Av-r. Par contre, IF est corrélé avec Aa-s (r = -0,70) et FNv-r est corrélé avec Av-r (r = -0,69). Cette corrélation doit justifier, en partie, l’usage assez courant de l’amplitude thermique comme indicateur de bonnes conditions thermiques de maturation pour les régions qui présentent des valeurs élevées. Mais ce raisonnement peut amener à des caractérisations erronées. Le travail met en évidence, également, l’importance de considérer le bilan hydrique des régions (IS) dans l’analyse du régime thermique sur la qualité du raisin. On peut conclure que pour avoir une bonne caractérisation du régime thermique en période de maturation il faut considérer la fraîcheur des nuits (IF étant un bon indicateur de FNv-r moyen des régions, avec un r = 0,80**), caractérisation qui peut être améliorée avec l’information des températures maximales et de l’amplitooe thermique en période de maturation du raisin. Les éléments présentés peuvent servir à améliorer les indices climatiques pour estimer le potentiel qualitatif du raisin des différentes régions viticoles, notamment en complément de IF.

The thermal conditions during the grape ripening period are important variables related to colour of the grapes, anthocyanins, polyphenols and flavour of the wine. The main purpose of this work was to characterise the thermal conditions, especially the night coolness and the thermal amplitude during maturation, in the geoclimate of the world vine culture. A database of 100 grape-growing regions of 30 countries obtained from the World Meteorology Organisation (WMO) was used. Some climatic indexes were calculated: Cool Night Index – IF (°C), Huglin’s Heliothermal Index -IH (°C) and Dryness Index -IS (mm), from the Multicriteria Climatic Classification System for World Viticulture, and the thermal amplitude in August and September Aa-s (°C). Over véraison-harvest period-v-r (mean of the 30 days before harvesting date, estimated on the basis of IDJGLIN Heliothermal Index equal to 1,900 – approximately value to ripen Cabernet-Sauvignon) similar indexes were obtained: the cool night (FNv-r), the mean air temperature (Tv-r), the maximal air temperature (Txv-r) and the thermal amplitude (Av-r). The results showed that IH is positively correlated with Tv-r (r=0.79), Txv-r (r = 0.80) and IF (r = 0.67). Therefore, IH represents well the general thermal conditions during maturation period, specially concerning the mean and the maximal air temperature. However, IH was correlated neither with Aa-s nor to Av-r. IF was negatively correlated with Aa-s (r = – 0.70) and FNv-r was negatively correlated with Av-r (r = -9.69). The correlation to some extent explains the current use of the thermal amplitude to predict good ripening thermal conditi0ns for those regions that show high values. As here we have described, this thinking may give incorrect results. This work has also showed the inportance to consider the water balance of the regions (IS) in the effect of the thermal conditions in grape quality. We conclude that the characterisation of the thermal conditions during the ripening period do need the cool night index (in this case, IF is a good index to provide the mean FNv-r of the regions, r = 0,80**). Factors other than cool night which influence this characterisation are both maximal air temperature and thermal amplitude data. The elements presented in this work, in addition to IF, may improve the climatic indexes to be used to predict the qualitative potential of grapes from different regions.

 

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Jorge TONIEITO (1) and Alain CARBONNEAU (2)

(1) EMBRAPA, Rua Livramento, 515 – 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, Brésil
(2) AGRO Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France

Keywords

indice de fraîcheur des nuits, amplitude thermique, Système CCM Géoviticole, zonage, qualité
cool night index, thermal amplitude, MCC System for World Viticulture, zoning, quality

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

To investigate the impact of spatial variation in vine vigour on the accumulation of methoxypyrazines in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis has been shown to contain significantly higher concentrations

Effects of wine versus de-alcoholised wine on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a tau-pathology murine model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common disorder associated with cognitive impairment and the main cause of dementia globally. Multiple evidence in the last decade suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, a network wherein microbiome and the central nervous system crosstalk via endocrine, immune, neural, and microbial metabolites signalling pathways.

OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN LC-HRMS METHOD TO QUANTIFY GLUTATHIONE IN WHITE WINE LEES AND YEAST DERIVATIVES

Glutathione is a natural tripeptide composed of l-glutamate, l-cysteine and glycine, found in various foods and beverages. In particular, glutathione can be found in its reduced (GSH) or oxidized form (GSSG) in must, wine or yeasts¹. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of GSH in wine quality and aging potential². During winemaking, especially during aging on lees, GSH helps prevent the harmful effects of oxidation on the aroma of the wine³. Nevertheless, the amounts of GSH/GSSG present in wine lees are often unknown and the choice of operating conditions (quantity of lees and aging time) remains empirical.

Bioanalytical workflow for exploring the chemical diversity and antioxidant capacity of grape juice peptides

The oxidative stability of white wines is related to a flow of chemical reactions involving a number of native wine containing compounds composing their antioxidant metabolome.

Study of yeast biocatalytic activity on grape aroma compounds

Many volatile compounds of different chemical/biochemical origin contribute to wine aroma. Certain key ‘varietal’ aroma compounds such as methoxypyrazines are formed in the grape and appear to be only scarcely influenced by fermentation.