Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Thermal conditions during the grape ripening period in viticulture geoclimate. Cool night index and thermal amplitude

Thermal conditions during the grape ripening period in viticulture geoclimate. Cool night index and thermal amplitude

Abstract

c L’objectif du travail est de caractériser le régime thermique, notamment la fraîcheur,, des nuits et l’amplitude thermique au cours de la maturation, au niveau du climat viticole mondial, sur une base des données de 100 régions viticoles dans 30 pays, obtenue par l’intermédiaire de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Météorologie – OMM. Plusieurs indices climatiques viticoles ont été calculés: l’Indice de Fraîcheur des Nuits – IH (°C), l’Indice Héliothermique de Huglin – IH (°C) et l’Indice de Sécheresse – IS (mm) du Système de Classification Climatique Multicritères Géoviticole, et l’amplitude thermique moyenne en août et septembre Aa-s (0C). Egalement, sur la période véraison-récolte – v-r (moyenne des 30 jours précédant la date de récolte, estimée sur la base d’un Indice Héliothermique de HUGLIN égal à 1.900 – approximatif pour la maturation du Cabernet-Sauvignon) : la fraîcheur des nuits (FNv-r), la température moyenne de l’air (Tv-r), la température maximale de l’air (Txv-r) et l’amplitude thermique (Av-r). Les résultats montrent que IH est corrélé avec Tv-r (r=0,79) et avec Txv-r (r=0,80). IH représente donc bien les conditions thermiques générales de la période de maturation en ce qui concerne la température moyenne et maximale de l’air. Mais IH n’est pas corrélé ni avec Aa-s ni avec Av-r. Par contre, IF est corrélé avec Aa-s (r = -0,70) et FNv-r est corrélé avec Av-r (r = -0,69). Cette corrélation doit justifier, en partie, l’usage assez courant de l’amplitude thermique comme indicateur de bonnes conditions thermiques de maturation pour les régions qui présentent des valeurs élevées. Mais ce raisonnement peut amener à des caractérisations erronées. Le travail met en évidence, également, l’importance de considérer le bilan hydrique des régions (IS) dans l’analyse du régime thermique sur la qualité du raisin. On peut conclure que pour avoir une bonne caractérisation du régime thermique en période de maturation il faut considérer la fraîcheur des nuits (IF étant un bon indicateur de FNv-r moyen des régions, avec un r = 0,80**), caractérisation qui peut être améliorée avec l’information des températures maximales et de l’amplitooe thermique en période de maturation du raisin. Les éléments présentés peuvent servir à améliorer les indices climatiques pour estimer le potentiel qualitatif du raisin des différentes régions viticoles, notamment en complément de IF.

The thermal conditions during the grape ripening period are important variables related to colour of the grapes, anthocyanins, polyphenols and flavour of the wine. The main purpose of this work was to characterise the thermal conditions, especially the night coolness and the thermal amplitude during maturation, in the geoclimate of the world vine culture. A database of 100 grape-growing regions of 30 countries obtained from the World Meteorology Organisation (WMO) was used. Some climatic indexes were calculated: Cool Night Index – IF (°C), Huglin’s Heliothermal Index -IH (°C) and Dryness Index -IS (mm), from the Multicriteria Climatic Classification System for World Viticulture, and the thermal amplitude in August and September Aa-s (°C). Over véraison-harvest period-v-r (mean of the 30 days before harvesting date, estimated on the basis of IDJGLIN Heliothermal Index equal to 1,900 – approximately value to ripen Cabernet-Sauvignon) similar indexes were obtained: the cool night (FNv-r), the mean air temperature (Tv-r), the maximal air temperature (Txv-r) and the thermal amplitude (Av-r). The results showed that IH is positively correlated with Tv-r (r=0.79), Txv-r (r = 0.80) and IF (r = 0.67). Therefore, IH represents well the general thermal conditions during maturation period, specially concerning the mean and the maximal air temperature. However, IH was correlated neither with Aa-s nor to Av-r. IF was negatively correlated with Aa-s (r = – 0.70) and FNv-r was negatively correlated with Av-r (r = -9.69). The correlation to some extent explains the current use of the thermal amplitude to predict good ripening thermal conditi0ns for those regions that show high values. As here we have described, this thinking may give incorrect results. This work has also showed the inportance to consider the water balance of the regions (IS) in the effect of the thermal conditions in grape quality. We conclude that the characterisation of the thermal conditions during the ripening period do need the cool night index (in this case, IF is a good index to provide the mean FNv-r of the regions, r = 0,80**). Factors other than cool night which influence this characterisation are both maximal air temperature and thermal amplitude data. The elements presented in this work, in addition to IF, may improve the climatic indexes to be used to predict the qualitative potential of grapes from different regions.

 

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Jorge TONIEITO (1) and Alain CARBONNEAU (2)

(1) EMBRAPA, Rua Livramento, 515 – 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, Brésil
(2) AGRO Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France

Keywords

indice de fraîcheur des nuits, amplitude thermique, Système CCM Géoviticole, zonage, qualité
cool night index, thermal amplitude, MCC System for World Viticulture, zoning, quality

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

NACs intra-family hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network orchestrating grape berry ripening

Considering that global warming is changing berry ripening timing and progression, uncovering the molecular mechanisms and identifying key regulators governing berry ripening could provide important tools in maintaining high quality grapes and wine. NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors represent an interesting family due to their key role in the developmental processes control, such as fruit-ripening-associated genes expression, and in the regulation of multiple stress responses. Between the 74 NAC family members, we selected 12 of them as putative regulators of berry ripening: NAC01, NAC03, NAC05, NAC11, NAC13, NAC17, NAC18, NAC26, NAC33, NAC37, NAC60 and NAC61.

VOLATILE AND GLYCOSYLATED MARKERS OF SMOKE IMPACT: LEVELS AND PATTERNS OBSERVED IN 2020 WINES FROM THE UNITED STATES WEST COAST

Smoke impact in wines is caused by a wide range of volatile phenols found in wildfire smoke. These compounds are absorbed and accumulate in berries, where they may also become glycosylated. Both volatile and glycosylated forms eventually end up in wine where they can cause off-flavors, described as “smoky”, “bacon”, “campfire” and “ashtray”, often long-lasting and lingering on the palate. In cases of large wildfire events, economic losses for all wine industry actors can be devastating.

Grapevine productivity modelling in the Portuguese Douro Region

In Portugal, and particularly in the Demarcated Region of Douro (DDR), wine production has a great tradition, producing the unique and worldwide famous Port wine as well as other remarkably good table wines. In this study the impact of projected climate change to wine production is analysed for the DDR. A statistical grapevine yield model (GYM) is developed using climate parameters as predictors.

Influence of dehydration and maceration conditions on VOCs composition and olfactory profile of Moscato Bianco passito sweet wine

Among the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscato, Moscato Bianco is the oldest and most cultivated one in Europe (1). According to the OIV Focus 2015, Italy is the country with the largest cultivated area of Moscato Bianco with about 12500 hectares (2), that is used to produce well-known wines (i.e., Moscato Passito in Piedmont, Moscato di Trani in Puglia, and Moscatello di Montalcino in Tuscany), mainly obtained from partially dehydrated grapes (1). Different dehydration techniques can strongly modify the chemical compounds of oenological interest, among which Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (1) that are the main responsible for the varietal sensory character of the final wine.

Empreinte carbone et environnementale du vin en France : chiffres d’impact et bonnes pratiques à mettre en œuvre

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere due to human activities are leading to a rise in the average temperature of the atmosphere. among the scenarios established by the un’s intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), only two enable us to achieve the minimum objective of the paris agreements signed at cop 21 in 2015: staying below +2°c after 2050. both scenarios forecast a rapid reduction in GHG emissions as early as 2025, thanks to strong international cooperation, the priority given to sustainable development and responsible consumer choices.