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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Efecto de distintos ambientes sobre las características físico – químicas y sensoriales del Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

Efecto de distintos ambientes sobre las características físico – químicas y sensoriales del Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

Abstract

La región de Abruzzo está situada entre los Apeninos y el mar Adriático, limitando al norte con el río Tronto y al sur con el Trigno. Desde un punto de vista físico se divide en dos franjas: una montañosa al oeste constituida por rocas calcáreas con frecuentes fenómenos de erosión debido a las corrientes de agua y a la naturaleza calcárea del terreno (“carsismo”) y otra al este, más cercana al mar, representada por una amplia zona de colinas constituida por terrenos arcilloso ​calcáreos y arenosos. Obviamente el clima está influido por la presencia de las grandes montañas del Gran Sasso y Maiella y también por la proximidad al mar Adriático. Así, en las cercanías de la zona montañosa, en la parte occidental, la temperatura difícilmente alcanza la media anual de 12°C, mientras que en la región mas cercana al mar la media anual oscila entre los 12° y los 16°C. Exponemos, a este respecto, las conclusiones de Matassa et al. (1992): “El clima de Abruzzo está influenciado fuertemente por la orografía montañosa y muestra una fuerte variabilidad, pasando de regiones templadas en la costa, a moderadamente templadas en los valles internos y las altas colinas litorales, a moderadamente frías y frías en las montañas”. Así que en general el clima se puede considerar apacible y a excepción de algunas zonas particularmente secas del sur de la región, se da un buen nivel de pluviosidad y es altamente soleado (Matassa et al., 1992). En el área observada por nosotros, en el territorio de Vasto, la pluviosidad, definida por los valores registrados en las estaciones del “Genio Civile” (ente estatal, perteneciente al ministerio italiano de obras públicas) durante el período 1965-93, muestra un aumento desde la costa hacia el interior, pasando de los 630 mm deVasto a los 850 mm de Montazzoli. La actividad vinícola juega un papel de primordial importancia en la economía agrícola del territorio de Vasto ya sea en términos de superficie cultivada como en términos de producción bruta a la venta. En dicha área, 6000 hectáreas están dedicadas al cultivo de la vid, de las cuales aproximadamente 480 (1.8 %) pertenecen a la colina del interior y la alta colina próxima a los montes, mientras que las restantes 5500 ha (92% del total) están localizadas en la colina litoral. La forma de cultivo mas difundida es el clásico emparrado con distancias de plantación de 2,5m x 2,5 m a pesar de que en los últimos años se han adoptado otros sistemas como el GDC.
La región de Abruzzo, a través del ARSSA (Agenzia Regionale per i Servizi di Sviluppo Agricolo), ha participado en el proyecto “Caracterización de vinos típicos” y ha seleccionado el territorio de Vasto para el programa de caracterización del vino Montepulciano d’Abruzzo a Denominación de Origen. El criterio que se ha adoptado para la división del territorio y para el muestreo, ha tenido en consideración esencialmente la disponibilidad térmica, definida a través de los índices bioclimáticos de Winkler e Huglin con referencia a un trabajo precedente que consideraba dichos parámetros a nivel regional (Matassa et al., 1992). Debemos considerar, además, que las características pedológicas cambian poco dentro de cada area examinada, y la forma de cultivo, el emparrado, es la única en todo el territorio. Se considera que la compleja orografía del territorio puede influir de forma notable sobre la distribución de la disponibilidad térmica, determinando una amplia posibilidad de condiciones ambientales dentro de cada zona DOC del vino.
Sobre la base de las consideraciones expuestas se han definido tres áreas a distinta distancia de la costa (fig.1) caracterizadas por disponibilidades térmicas en disminución. Dentro de cada una de ellas se han elegido 5 viñedos muestra (tab.1).
Area A: representativa de la colina litoral donde el cultivo vitícola es mayor. En esta zona el viñedo del ayuntamiento de Pollutri se diferencia de los otros (Casalbordino e Scerni) por la altitud de solamente 40 m sobre el nivel del mar.
Area B: representativa de la colina adyacente a la litoral. Los viñedos pertenecen a dos ayuntamientos , de los cuales uno (Furci) tiene una altitud 3 veces superior a los restantes.
Area C: representativa de la colina próxima a los montes. Los viñedos pertenecen a un solo ayuntamiento y la altitud de los viñedos va desde los 470 a los 555 m sobre el nivel del mar.

DOI:

Publication date: February 25, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2000

Type: Article

Authors

B.Di Lena (1), M. Ubigli (2), M.C. Cravero (2), D. Voerzio (2), M.C. Pazo-Alvarez (2)

(1) A.R.S.S.A. Centro Agrometeorologico Regionale ​Via Colle Comune 11, 66020 Scerni (CH)- Italia
(2) Istituto Sperimentale per l’Enologia, Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti (AT) – Italia

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2000

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