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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 La zonazione della Franciacorta: il modello viticolo della DOCG

La zonazione della Franciacorta: il modello viticolo della DOCG

Abstract

[English version below]

La Franciacorta è una piccola regione collinare della provincia di Brescia. Il territorio è molto eterogeneo sia dal punto di vista geologico, che geomorfologico e pedologico. Circa 1.000 ettari sono destinati alla produzione di uve Chardonnay, Pinot bianco e Pinot nero per il vino Franciacorta ottenuto unicamente utilizzando la lunga fermentazione naturale in bottiglia. Al fine della zonazione viticola l’area è stata caratterizzata dal punto di vista climatico, pedologico e vitienologico.
L’inquadramento climatico è stato condotto mediante l’analisi dei dati meteorologici disponibili in relazione alle variabili geografiche e territoriali ad essi correlate (copertura del suolo, giacitura, esposizione, pendenza, distanza dal lago).
L’indagine pedologica condotta nei terreni vitati, ha permesso la produzione di una carta dei suoli in scala 1:25.000 suddivisa in 68 unità cartografiche organizzate in 25 unità di paesaggio. Per l’indagine viticola sono stati individuate 39 parcelle in 26 vigneti rappresentativi della variabilità pedo-climatica e colturale dell ‘area.
In tutte le parcelle e per i tre anni (92, 93 e 94) è stato seguito l’andamento dellefasifenologiche, sono stati rilevati i dati vegeto-produttivi, campionate le dinamiche di maturazione e le caratteristiche qualitativi del mosto. Alla vendemmia è stato raccolto un campione d’uva sufficiente per la microvinificazione.
I vini ottenuti sono stati sottoposti ad analisi sensoriale. L’elaborazione statistica dei dati raccolti, effettuata in tre fasi successive (fase esplorativa, mediante metodi di clustering, per individuare le parcelle con comportamento vegeto-produttivo affine; fase deduttiva per individuare le caratteristiche pedopaesaggistiche comuni ai gruppi definiti nella prima fase, fase validativa, mediante modelli ANOVA, per verificare la significatività statistica delle différente tra le aggregazioni di parcelle) ha consentito di individuare 6 Unità Vocazionali ove il comportamento dei vigneti è risultato diverso negli aspetti vegeto-produttivi, nelle dinamiche della a maturazione nonché nel profilo sensoriale dei vini ottenuti.
La chiave interpretativa di queste aggregazioni è risultata essere legata ai parametri pedologici connessi all’ alimentazione idrica della vite in relazione sia alle possibilità di riserve lungo il profilo radicale, sia alle differenti capacità di drenaggio.

Franciacorta is a small hilly region located in the Brescia province (Northern Italy). Its territory is very heterogeneous both from the geological, geomorphological and pedological point of view. Approximately 1.000 hectares are devoted to yield Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc and noir grapes to produce wine by natural fermentation in bottle. For the viticultural zoning the area has been characterized for the climate, the soils, the viticulture and the enological properties. The climatic variability has been described by the analysis of the available meteorological data in relation to the territorial and geographical variables correlated to it (soil covering, slope, topography, exposition, and distance from the lake).
The pedological survey carried out in the vineyards has hallowed to produce a soil map on a scale of 1:50.000 composed by 68 soil map units organized in 25 landscape units. For the viticultural survey, 39 trial sites representative of soil, climate and agronomical has been chosen. In all the sites for three years (’92, ’93 and ’94) grapevine phenology, yield, and vegetative growth, maturation curves and must composition has been detected. At vintage a sample of grape adequate for microvinification was collected. Wines have been evaluated by sensorial analysis. The statistical data processing carried out by three consecutive steps (exploratory step, by clustering methods, to find the sites with a similar vegetative and productive behavior; deductive step to find the land characteristics which can link the groups defined in the previous step; validation step, by ANOVA models, to verify the statistical significance of the differences detected among the groups) has allowed to define 6 Land Suitability Units, where vineyards resulted different in the vegetative and productive behavior, in the maturation patterns and in sensory properties of the wines. The interpretation key of grouping results was explained by the soil parameters linked to the soil moisture regime both for the available water content and the drainage capacity.

DOI:

Publication date: March 2, 2022

Issue: Terroir 1998

Type: Article

Authors

C.A. PANONT (1), G. COMOLLI (2)

(1) Responsabile ufficio tecnico – Consorzio Vini Franciacorta
(2) Direttore – Consorzio Vini Franciacorta

Keywords

Analisi sensoriale, Cinetiche di maturazione, Franciacorta, Microvinificazioni, Zonazione
Sensory analisys, maturation kinetics, Franciacorta, Microvinificatin, Zoning

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 1998

Citation

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