Targeted and untargeted 1H-NMR analysis for sparkling wine’s authenticity

Abstract

Studies on wineomics (wine’s metabolome) have increased considerably over the last two decades. Wine results from many environmental, human and biological factors leading to a specific metabolome for each terroir. NMR metabolomics is a particularly effective tool for studying the metabolome since it allows the rapid and simultaneous detection of major compounds from several chemical families.1 Quantitative NMR has already proven its effectiveness in monitoring the authenticity of still wines.2 In this study, we wanted to know if these approaches could be effective to guarantee sparkling wine authenticity.More than 100 French sparkling wines from different regions (i.e. Champagne, Crémant de Bordeaux, Crémant d’Alsace and Crémant de Bourgogne) were analysed by targeted and untargeted 1H-NMR approaches. The collected data were statistically processed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial orthogonal least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Cross permutation tests and ANOVAs were performed to validate the results.Our results show that 1H-NMR metabolomics discriminates between protected designations of origin. Targeted and untargeted approaches made it possible to establish a profile for each appellation and to determine the chemical compounds significantly involved in the discrimination. Untargeted analysis allows discriminating champagne label of quality.  These analyses highlighted notions of traceability and quality to discriminate appellations of origin from sparkling wines.