GiESCO 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Diversity in grape composition for sugars and acidity opens options to mitigate the effect of warming during ripening

Diversity in grape composition for sugars and acidity opens options to mitigate the effect of warming during ripening

Abstract

Context and purpose of the study – The marked climate change impact on vine and grape development (phenology, sugar content, acidity …) is one of the manifestations of Genotype X Environment X Management interactions importance in viticulture. Some practices, such as irrigation, can mitigate the effect of water deficit on grape development, but warming is much more difficult to challenge. High temperatures tend to alter the acid balance of the fruit with a parallel increase in sugar concentration. In the long term, genetic improvement to select varieties better coping with temperature elevation appear as a good option to support sustainable viticulture. Nevertheless, the existing phenotypic diversity for grape quality components that are influenced by temperature is poorly understood, which jeopardizes breeding strategies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic diversity present in the genetic resources of Vitis vinifera or that could be implemented by breeding.

Material and methods – Two critical grape development stages were characterized comparing 33 genotypes, including 12 wine grape varieties and 21 microvine lines. Berry softening and growth were precisely monitored to target the onset of ripening and physiological ripening. Main primary metabolites and cations were analysed in order to assess the genotypic differences in fruit sugars/organic balance and titratable acidity.

Results – The phenotypic diversity observed in this study was higher than initially expected. In the mature stage, the weight of the berries varied from 1.04 to 5.25 g and the sugar concentration from 751 to 1353 mmol.L-1. The organic acid composition varied both in concentration (from 80 to 250 meq.L-1) and in composition with a malate / tartrate ratio of between 0.13 to 3.62. A correlation between this ratio and the weight of berries was found. Moreover, a great diversity of cation content has been observed. The potassium content, which is the major cation in the grape, varied between 28 and 57 mmol.L-1 at physiological maturity. This combined with variations in organic acid contents, led to a range of titration acidity from 38 to 215 meq.L-1. This experiment showed that the phenotypic diversity already present in V. vinifera varieties or to be obtained by crossing opens up new perspectives for mitigating the effects of climate change on the composition of berries, notably the rise in temperature.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: September 28, 2023

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Poster

Authors

Antoine BIGARD1,2, Charles ROMIEU1, Dargie T. BERHE2,3, Yannick SIRE2, Cécile MARCHAL4, Sandrine DEDET4, Hernán OJEDA2,4 et Laurent TORREGROSA1,2*

1 AGAP, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
2 UE of Pech Rouge, Montpellier University, INRA, Gruissan, France
3 Dilla University, SNNPRS, Dilla, Ethiopie
4 GBRC of Vassal, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France

Contact the author

Keywords

grapevine, climate changes, warming, breeding, grape composition, sugar/acidity balance

Tags

Citation

Related articles…

Significance of factors making Riesling an iconic grape variety

Riesling is the iconic grape variety of Germany and accounts for 23% of the German viticulture acreage, which comprises 45% of the worldwide Riesling plantings. Riesling wines offer a wide array of styles from crisp sparkling wines to highly concentrated and sweet Trockenbeerenauslese or Icewines. However, its thin berry skin makes Riesling more vulnerable to detrimental environmental threats than other white wine varieties.  

Read More

Rootstock regulation of scion phenotypes: the relationship between rootstock parentage and petiole mineral concentration

Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to Phylloxera, but also ensure the supply of water and mineral nutrients to the whole plant. Rootstocks are an important way of adapting to environmental conditions while conserving the typical features of scion varieties. We can exploit the large diversity of rootstocks used worldwide to aid this adaptation. The aim of this study was to characterise rootstock regulation of scion mineral status and its relation with scion development.

Read More

Residual copper quantification on grapevine’s organs

Copper is listed among the active substances candidates for substitution (Regulation EU 2015/408). Yet still, because of the lack of valid alternatives, the European Commission recently confirmed its usage authorization by limiting the maximum amount to 28 Kg per hectare in 7 years, i.e. an average of 4 kg/year (Reg. EU 2018/1981).This restriction is due to copper accumulation in soils and surface waters both caused by a steady application, especially on perennial crops (Riepert et al., 2013). The aim of this work is to determine if treatments with reduced copper dosages are able to reach different grapevine’s organs, with particular focus on the core of bunches, and if these small amounts can ensure the respect of the legislative prescription, without compromising the phytosanitary conditions of the vineyards, thus grape yields.

Read More

Evapotranspiración de viñedo en secano y evaporación de barbecho en “La Mancha”

Un 94 % del viñedo español se cultiva con métodos y técnicas propias de los sistemas agrícolas desarrollados en secano en regiones de clima semiárido, donde las precipitaciones anuales raramente exceden los 500 mm

Read More

Quantification of red wine phenolics using ultraviolet-visible, near and mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

The use of multivariate statistics to correlate chemical data to spectral information seems as a valid alternative for the quantification of red wine phenolics. The advantages of these techniques include simplicity and cost effectiveness together with the limited time of analysis required. Although many
publications on this subject are nowadays available in the literature most of them only reported feasibility
studies. In this study 400 samples from thirteen fermentations including five different cultivars plus 150
wine samples from a varying number of vintages were submitted to spectrophotometric and chromatographic phenolic analysis.

Read More