 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Diversity in grape composition for sugars and acidity opens options to mitigate the effect of warming during ripening

Diversity in grape composition for sugars and acidity opens options to mitigate the effect of warming during ripening

Abstract

Context and purpose of the study – The marked climate change impact on vine and grape development (phenology, sugar content, acidity …) is one of the manifestations of Genotype X Environment X Management interactions importance in viticulture. Some practices, such as irrigation, can mitigate the effect of water deficit on grape development, but warming is much more difficult to challenge. High temperatures tend to alter the acid balance of the fruit with a parallel increase in sugar concentration. In the long term, genetic improvement to select varieties better coping with temperature elevation appear as a good option to support sustainable viticulture. Nevertheless, the existing phenotypic diversity for grape quality components that are influenced by temperature is poorly understood, which jeopardizes breeding strategies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic diversity present in the genetic resources of Vitis vinifera or that could be implemented by breeding.

Material and methods – Two critical grape development stages were characterized comparing 33 genotypes, including 12 wine grape varieties and 21 microvine lines. Berry softening and growth were precisely monitored to target the onset of ripening and physiological ripening. Main primary metabolites and cations were analysed in order to assess the genotypic differences in fruit sugars/organic balance and titratable acidity.

Results – The phenotypic diversity observed in this study was higher than initially expected. In the mature stage, the weight of the berries varied from 1.04 to 5.25 g and the sugar concentration from 751 to 1353 mmol.L-1. The organic acid composition varied both in concentration (from 80 to 250 meq.L-1) and in composition with a malate / tartrate ratio of between 0.13 to 3.62. A correlation between this ratio and the weight of berries was found. Moreover, a great diversity of cation content has been observed. The potassium content, which is the major cation in the grape, varied between 28 and 57 mmol.L-1 at physiological maturity. This combined with variations in organic acid contents, led to a range of titration acidity from 38 to 215 meq.L-1. This experiment showed that the phenotypic diversity already present in V. vinifera varieties or to be obtained by crossing opens up new perspectives for mitigating the effects of climate change on the composition of berries, notably the rise in temperature.

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DOI:

Publication date: September 28, 2023

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Poster

Authors

Antoine BIGARD^1,2, Charles ROMIEU¹, Dargie T. BERHE^2,3, Yannick SIRE², Cécile MARCHAL⁴, Sandrine DEDET⁴, Hernán OJEDA^2,4 et Laurent TORREGROSA^1,2*

¹AGAP, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
²UE of Pech Rouge, Montpellier University, INRA, Gruissan, France
³Dilla University, SNNPRS, Dilla, Ethiopie
⁴GBRC of Vassal, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France

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Keywords

grapevine, climate changes, warming, breeding, grape composition, sugar/acidity balance

Citation

Adaptability of grapevines to climate change: characterization of phenology and sugar accumulation of 50 varieties, under hot climate conditions

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Impact of geographical location on the phenolic profile of minority varieties grown in Spain. II: red grapevines

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Leaf vine content in nutrients and trace elements in La Mancha (Spain) soils: influence of the rootstock

The use of rootstock of American origin has been the classic method of fighting against Phylloxera for more than 100 years. For this reason, it is interesting to establish if different rootstock modifies nutrient composition as well as trace elements content that could be important for determining the traceability of the vine products. A survey of four classic rootstocks (110-Richter, SO4, FERCAL and 1103-Paulsen) and four new ones (M1, M2, M3 and M4) provided by Agromillora Iberia. S.L.U., all of them grafted with the Tempranillo variety, has been carried out during 2019. The eight rootstocks were planted in pots of 500 cc, on three soils with very different characteristics from Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). In the month of July, the leaves were collected and dried in a forced air oven for seven days at 40ºC. Then, the samples were prepared for the analysis determination, carried out by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results obtained showed that in the case of content in mineral elements in leaf, separated by soil type, we can report the importance of few elements such as Si, Fe, Pb and, especially, Sr. The rootstock does not influence the composition of the vine leaf for the studied elements that are the most important in determining the geochemical footprint of the soil. The influence of the soil can be discriminated according to some elements such as Fe, Pb, Si and, especially, Sr.