terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Effect of rising atmospheric CO2 levels on grapevine yield and composition by the middle of the 21st century: what can we learn from the VineyardFACE?

Effect of rising atmospheric CO2 levels on grapevine yield and composition by the middle of the 21st century: what can we learn from the VineyardFACE?

Abstract

Atmospheric CO2 levels have been rising continuously since the industrial revolution, affecting crop physiology, yield and quality of harvest products, and grapevine is no exception [1]. Most of previously reported studies used potted plants in controlled environments, and explored grapevine response to relatively high CO2 levels, 700 ppm or more. The vineyardFACE, established in Geisenheim in 2012, uses a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system to simulate a moderate (ambient +20%) increase in atmospheric CO2 in a vineyard planted with cvs. Cabernet-Sauvignon and Riesling grafted on rootstock 161-49 Couderc and SO4, respectively. Using this experimental setup, we report a 3 years survey of grape yield, and berry composition responses to a moderate increase in ambient CO2. An increase in net assimilation in leaves was observed for both cultivars, as well as a significant increase in fruit yield per vine. Berry size was not significantly affected, even though a general trend of larger berries was noted under elevated CO2. Berry ripening dynamics and composition at harvest were largely unaffected by the CO2 level increase, with the noticeable exception that anthocyanin levels tended to be lower under elevated CO2, compared to ambient. Profiling of central carbon metabolism intermediates and branching points to secondary metabolism pathways confirmed this result in both cultivars. Must terpene content analysis in Riesling showed little impact of elevated CO2, suggesting that its aromatic potential was probably unaffected. In conclusion, our results indicate that, although predicted mid-century CO2 levels do have an impact on grapevine yield, grape composition and oenological potential will probably be largely unaffected. However, it is noteworthy that non significant but consistent trends have been observed throughout the years, suggesting that the continuous rise in CO2 during the second half of the 21st century may finally overcome berry metabolic plasticity and acclimation to elevated CO2.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a PhD grant from the German-French University to C. Kahn (grant # DGSEIP/A1-3 N°2019-0203).

References:

1)  Clemens M.E. et al. (2022) Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on the vineyard system of Vitis vinifera: a review. Am. J. Vitic. Enol. 73: 1-10, DOI 10.5344/ajev.2021.21029

DOI:

Publication date: October 5, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Eric Gomès*1, Cécile Kahn1, Susanne Tittmann2, Ghislaine Hilbert-Masson1, Regina Feil3, Christel Renaud1, John Lunn3, Manfred Stoll2

1EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
2Department of General and Organic viticulture, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade Straße, Geisenheim, Germany
3Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany

Contact the author*

Keywords

grapevine yield, berry composition, berry ripening, Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Combined use of leaf removal and natural shading to delay grape ripening in Manto negro (Vitis vinifera L.) under deficit irrigation 

The increasingly frequent heat waves during grape ripening pose challenges for premium wine grape production. This makes the development of irrigation and canopy management techniques of great importance to maximize yield and grape quality. A field experiment was carried out during 2021 and 2022 using Manto negro wine grapes to study the effect of two irrigation strategies and different light exposure levels on grape quality.
Read More

Physico-chemical properties of vine pruning residues with potential as enological additive

Grapes are one of the world’s primary fruit crops, and pruning activities generate high amounts of annual wood wastes [1]. These pruning shoots contain valuable phenolic compounds and could have numerous potential applications [1,2]. Consequently, the aim of this work was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of vine pruning residues with potential as enological additives. For this purpose, grapevine shoots from 12 varieties grown in Chile were collected during the winter of 2021.

Read More

Foliar application of urea improved the nitrogen composition of Chenin grapes

The nitrogen composition of the grapes directly affects the developments of alcoholic fermentation and influences the final aromatic composition of the wines. The aim of this study was to determine the effect and efficiency of foliar applications of urea on the nitrogen composition of grapes. This study was carried out during 2023 vintage and in the Chenin vineyard located in Estacion Experimental Mendoza (Argentina). Three urea concentrations 3, 6 and 9 Kg N/ha (C1, C2, and C3, respectively) and control (T) were applied in this vineyard at veraison. In all solutions were added 1ml/l of Tween 80 ® surfactant.

Read More

Viticultural heritage in mountain territories of Catalonia: prospecting in the region of Osona, northern Spain

The recovery of ancestral or minority vine varieties has been gaining great interest in recent years, among other reasons because it is likely that some of these varieties, due to the fact that they are found in relict areas, have a greater potential for adaptation to external factors (biotic or abiotic) and can minimize the effects that climate change is causing in viticulture. Varieties that can be grown at altitude are currently being sought to combat rising temperatures and prolonged extreme drought conditions. In Catalonia, the Pyrenean expansion of vineyard cultivation is documented from the 10th century and has been related to the “small climatic optimum” (9th-12th centuries) and also to seigniorial power.[1] But different adverse climatic periods and the arrival of Phylloxera by the late 19th century made many of these crops disappear.[2]

Read More

Antimicrobial activity of oenological polyphenols against Gram positive and Gram negative intestinal multidrug-resistant bacteria

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a major current health problem. Polyphenols have demonstrated antibacterial activity, and in this work we studied the effect of oenological polyphenols on the growth of intestinal multidrug-resistant strains of human and animal origin. Two Enterococcus faecium strains, resistant to vancomycin and other antibiotics, and four Escherichia coli strains, resistant to ampicillin and other antibiotics, were included in this study. All strains showed multidrug resistant phenotypes and genotypes to at least two antibiotic families.

Read More