terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Abstract

Atypical aging (ATA) is a white wine fault characterized by the appearance of notes of wet rag, acacia blossoms and naphthalene, along with the vanishing of varietal aromas. 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP) – a degradation compound of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – is regarded as the main sensorial and chemical marker responsible for this defect. About the origin of ATA, a stress reaction occurring in the vineyard has been looked as the leading cause of this defect. Agronomic, climatic and pedological factors are the main triggers and among them, drought stress seems to play a crucial role.[1] Available water capacity (AWC) is defined as the amount of water a soil can store that is available for use by plants. AWC might be employed to gauge a predisposition to hydric stress which could ultimately lead to the onset of ATA. Considering previous research which has demonstrated that ATA development is likely to occur in fields having 30-40 mm AWC[2], this relationship was further investigated in the present study in an exceptionally dry growing season such as 2022.

11 vineyards located in Trento (Italy) were grouped according to their AWC (low, medium, high) and closely monitored over the course of the harvest season.  Given the climate conditions of the year, all of the fields under examination were subjected to drought conditions. While grapevines belonging to the ‘low’ class experienced severe stress conditions (midday leaf water potential, Ψleaf>15 bar), the ‘medium’ and ‘high’ classes were only moderately stressed (15>Ψleaf>12). Accordingly, all wines obtained were affected by ATA, displaying concentrations of AAP above the odor threshold (0.5 μg/L). Nonetheless, the AAP content of the ‘low’ class was significantly higher than the other classes. It was concluded that in exceptionally dry seasons, grapevines planted on fields characterized by a low AWC are more subjected to produce faulty wines characterized by ATA.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Cavit sc. for the technical and financial support.

References:
1)  Schneider V. (2014) Atypical aging defect: Sensory discrimination, viticultural causes, and enological consequences. Rev. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 65:277–284, DOI 10.5344/ajev.2014.14014
2) Rauhut D. et al. (2003) Effect on diverse oenological methods to avoid occurrence of atypical aging and related off-flavours in wine. InŒnologie 2003. 7e Symposium International d’Œnology. A. Lonvaud-Funel et al., 376-379

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Simone Delaiti1,2*, Stefano Pedo’2, Tomas Roman2, Tiziana Nardin2, Roberto Larcher2

1C3A, Center Agriculture Food Environment, Via Edmund Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, TN, 38010 Italy
2Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy

Contact the author*

Keywords

atypical aging, aminocetophenone, drought stress, AWC

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Investigation of cellulose nanofiber-based films used as a protective layer to reduce absorption of smoke phenols into wine grapes

Volatile phenols from wildfire smoke are absorbed by wine grapes, resulting in undesirable smoky and ashy sensory attributes in the affected wine.[1] Unfortunately the severity of wildfires is increasing, particularly when grapes are ripening on the vine. The unwanted flavors of the wine prompted a need for solutions to prevent the uptake of smoke compounds into wine grapes. Films using cellulose nanofibers as the coating forming matrix were developed as an innovative means to prevent smoke phenols from entering Pinot noir grapes. Different film formulations were tested by incorporating low methoxy pectin or chitosan.

Read More

Cover crop management and termination timing have different effects on the maturation and water potentials of Glera (Vitis vinifera L.) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Inter-row soil tillage in vineyards, stimulates vigor and production due to the absence of competition for water and nutrients, however negatively affects organic matter content, soil erosion, and compaction, resulting in reduced fertility. In this study, we investigated the effects of different cover crop management approaches, including cultivation type and termination timing, on the physiological and productive responses of a Glera vineyard.
The experimental trial was conducted in Precenicco (UD) from 2019 to 2021. A commercial mixture for autumn cover cropping was sown in alternating rows, and the sowing pattern was changed each year.

Read More

Effect of foliar application of Ca, Si and their combination on grape volatile composition

Calcium (Ca) is an important nutrient for plants which plays key signaling and structural roles. It has been observed that exogenous Ca application favors the pectin accumulation and inhibition of polygalacturonase enzymes, minimizing fruit spoilage. Silicon (Si) is a non-essential element which has been found to be beneficial for improving crop yield and quality, as well as plant tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stress factors. The effect of Si supply to grapevine has been assessed in few investigations, which reported positive changes in grape quality and must composition.

Read More

Irrigation frequency in four grapevine red varieties in Spain. Effect on must volatile composition

The irrigation water management in the vineyard is a crucial aspect to obtain sustainable quality production over time. Previous studies have set the water requirements to be applied in the vineyard at 30 % of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), although there are no studies that settle the effects of the frequency of irrigation application on red varieties in Spain. The present study contemplates the application of deficit irrigation (30 % ET0) applying a weekly dose in a single irrigation (T07) or in two irrigation events (T03) per week. The study has been carried out in 2021-2022 with four red varieties in different Spanish wine regions: Garnacha Tinta (Badajoz), Tempranillo (Valladolid), Syrah (Albacete) and Mencía (Lugo). The effects of irrigation frequency on must volatile composition have been evaluated through GC-MS.

Read More

Predicting provenance and grapevine cultivar implementing machine learning on vineyard soil microbiome data: implications in grapevine breeding

The plant rhizosphere microbial communities are an essential component of plant microbiota, which is crucial for sustaining the production of healthy crops. The main drivers of the composition of such communities are the growing environment and the planted genotype. Recent viticulture studies focus on understanding the effects of these factors on soil microbial composition since microbial biodiversity is an important determinant of plant phenotype, and of wine’s organoleptic properties. Microbial biodiversity of different wine regions, for instance, is an important determinant of wine terroir.

Read More