terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Abstract

Atypical aging (ATA) is a white wine fault characterized by the appearance of notes of wet rag, acacia blossoms and naphthalene, along with the vanishing of varietal aromas. 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP) – a degradation compound of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – is regarded as the main sensorial and chemical marker responsible for this defect. About the origin of ATA, a stress reaction occurring in the vineyard has been looked as the leading cause of this defect. Agronomic, climatic and pedological factors are the main triggers and among them, drought stress seems to play a crucial role.[1] Available water capacity (AWC) is defined as the amount of water a soil can store that is available for use by plants. AWC might be employed to gauge a predisposition to hydric stress which could ultimately lead to the onset of ATA. Considering previous research which has demonstrated that ATA development is likely to occur in fields having 30-40 mm AWC[2], this relationship was further investigated in the present study in an exceptionally dry growing season such as 2022.

11 vineyards located in Trento (Italy) were grouped according to their AWC (low, medium, high) and closely monitored over the course of the harvest season.  Given the climate conditions of the year, all of the fields under examination were subjected to drought conditions. While grapevines belonging to the ‘low’ class experienced severe stress conditions (midday leaf water potential, Ψleaf>15 bar), the ‘medium’ and ‘high’ classes were only moderately stressed (15>Ψleaf>12). Accordingly, all wines obtained were affected by ATA, displaying concentrations of AAP above the odor threshold (0.5 μg/L). Nonetheless, the AAP content of the ‘low’ class was significantly higher than the other classes. It was concluded that in exceptionally dry seasons, grapevines planted on fields characterized by a low AWC are more subjected to produce faulty wines characterized by ATA.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Cavit sc. for the technical and financial support.

References:
1)  Schneider V. (2014) Atypical aging defect: Sensory discrimination, viticultural causes, and enological consequences. Rev. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 65:277–284, DOI 10.5344/ajev.2014.14014
2) Rauhut D. et al. (2003) Effect on diverse oenological methods to avoid occurrence of atypical aging and related off-flavours in wine. InŒnologie 2003. 7e Symposium International d’Œnology. A. Lonvaud-Funel et al., 376-379

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Simone Delaiti1,2*, Stefano Pedo’2, Tomas Roman2, Tiziana Nardin2, Roberto Larcher2

1C3A, Center Agriculture Food Environment, Via Edmund Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, TN, 38010 Italy
2Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy

Contact the author*

Keywords

atypical aging, aminocetophenone, drought stress, AWC

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Unveiling a hidden link: does time hold the key to altered spectral signatures of grapevines under drought?

Remote sensing technology captures spectral data beyond the visible range, making it useful for monitoring plant stress. Vis-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) spectroscopy (400-1000 nm) is commonly used to indirectly assess plant status during drought. One example is the widespread use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that is strongly linked to green biomass. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding the applicability of this method to all the drought conditions and if it is a direct correlation to the water status of the plant.

Read More

Response of red grape varieties irrigated during the summer to water availability at the end of winter in four Spanish wine-growing regions: berry phenolic composition

Water availability is the most limiting factor for vineyard productivity under Mediterranean conditions. Due to the effects caused by the current climate change, wine-growing regions may face serious soil moisture conservation problems, due to the lower water retention capacity of the soil and higher soil irradiation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil recharge irrigation in pre-sprouting and summer irrigation every week (30 % ETo) from the pea size state until the end of ripening (RP) compared to exclusively summer irrigation every week (R) in the same way that RP, on berry phenolic composition at harvest.

Read More

High-throughput sequencing analysis based on nematode indices revealed healthier soils of organic vineyards 

Proper soil health assessments are crucial for sustainable cropland. Among the widely employed approaches, evaluating nematode community structure is particularly suitable. Traditionally, the taxonomic characterization of soil nematodes has relied on time-consuming morphology-based methods requiring experienced experts. However, molecular tools like high-throughput sequencing have emerged as efficient alternatives. In this study, we performed a metataxonomic analysis of soil samples collected from 57 vineyards in the DOCa Rioja region of Northern Spain, focusing on the impact of organic viticulture and cover cropping compared to integrated pest management (IPM) and tilling practices.

Read More

Long-lasting flavour perception of wines treated with oenological additives considering the individual PROP taste-phenotype

The use of oenological additives is becoming a common practice due to the technological and sensory properties they provide to the wines. However, the number of studies focused on the impact that these additives might induce on wine flavor perception during wine tasting is still quite scarce. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of three different types of common oenological additives: two oenotannins (ellagitannin and gallotannin) and a commercial preparation of yeast mannoproteins on the long-lasting flavor perception (aroma and astringency).

Read More

Effect of drought on grapevine wood fungal pathogen communities using a metatranscriptomics approach

Crops are facing increasing biotic and abiotic stress pressures due to global changes. However, trade-off mechanisms between these stresses and the underlying physiological processes are still poorly understood, especially in perennial crop species. To better understand these trade-offs, we studied the effect of drought on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) physiology and esca-related wood fungal communities. Esca is a vascular disease caused by a community of wood-infecting pathogenic fungi, and characterized by trunk necrosis, leaf scorch symptoms, yield losses, and mortality.

Read More