terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Drought responses of grapevine cultivars under different environments

Drought responses of grapevine cultivars under different environments

Abstract

Using grapevine genetic diversity is one of the strategies to adapt viticulture to climate change. In this sense, assessing the plasticity of cultivars in their responses to environmental conditions is essential. For this purpose, the drought tolerance of Grenache, Tempranillo and Semillon cultivars grafted onto SO4 was evaluated at two experimental vineyards, one located in Valencia (Spain) and the other in Bordeaux (France). This was done by assessing gas exchange parameters, water relations and leaf hydraulic traits at the end of the season. On the one hand, inter-cultivar differences in those traits were confirmed, besides being fairly consistent between environments. On the other hand, for similar pre-dawn water potential among cultivars and environments, midday water potentials and gas exchange rates were lower in Valencia than in Bordeaux. This seems to be related to the higher vapor pressure deficit values in the former, even though leaf turgor loss point was 1 MPa lower in Valencia leaves than in Bordeaux. The leaves of the cultivars from the vineyard in Valencia showed a lower stomatal density and higher modulus of elasticity than their counterparts in Bordeaux. Moreover, both, leaf gas exchange rates and carbon isotope discrimination in grapes revealed that water use efficiency was higher in Valencia than in Bordeaux. Overall, differences among cultivars were milder than across environments, highlighting the high phenotypic plasticity of grapevine cultivars. This points to the importance of plant acclimatization processes in their responses to drought.

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

I. Buesa1,2 *, J.G. Pérez-Pérez3, S. Dayer1, M. Gowdy1, J.M. Escalona2, C. Chirivella4, D.S. Intrigliolo5 and G. Gambetta1

1 EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, F-33882, Bordeaux (France).
2 Grupo de investigación de Biología de las Plantas en Condiciones Mediterráneas-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (PlantMed-UIB), Cra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma (Spain).
3 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo Agricultura Sostenible, 46113, Moncada, Valencia (Spain).
4 Instituto Tecnológico de Viticultura y Enología, Servicio de Producción Ecológica, Innovación y Tecnología, Requena, Valencia (Spain).
5 CSIC, Departamento de Ecología y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigación sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera CV‑315, km 10.7, 46113, Moncada, Valencia (Spain).

Contact the author*

Keywords

carbon isotope ratio, leaf gas exchange, hydraulic traits, phenotypic plasticity, water relations

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Typicality of Rioja wines: identification of sensory profiles for the three subregions of DOCa Rioja

Within the DOCa Rioja three main production areas are differentiated: Rioja Alta (RA), Rioja Alavesa (RAv) and Rioja Oriental (RO). They are three diverse territories with particular characteristics that are claimed to give rise to differentiated profiles. The present work aims at evaluating the sensory diversity of young commercial red wines in these three subregions. Therefore 30 young red wines (mainly Tempranillo and vintage 2021), ten from each subregion, were sensory described following a non-verbal free sorting task and a verbal free comment task by 32 well-established Rioja winemakers.

Defoliation combined with exogenous ABA application results in slower ripening and improved anthocyanin profile

Reducing sugar accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries may be a way to mitigate the effect of climate change. Managing canopy and crop load is an effective way to do so, however, reducing canopy size has been demonstrated to induce undesirable effects on anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to test if an application of exogenous ABA on the grape berries of defoliated vines (⅔ of the leaves removed) can result in slower sugar accumulation while maintaining grape and wine quality. An experiment with defoliation and exogenous ABA application on directly on clusters (factorial design 2×2) was performed with ‘Tempranillo’ fruit-bearing cuttings.

The evolution of the aromatic composition of carbonic maceration wines

The vinification by Carbonic maceration (CM) involves the process whereby the whole bunches are subjected to anaerobic conditions during several days. In this anaerobic condition, the grape endogenous enzymes begin an intracellular fermentation. This situation favors that whole grapes split open and release their juice into the tank, increasing the liquid phase that is fermented by yeasts [1]. Then, two types of wines are obtained; one from the free-run liquid in the tank (FCM) and other from the liquid after pressing the whole grape bunches (PCM). PCM wines are recognized as high quality young wines because their fruity and floral aromas[2] that although they are very intense at the end of the winemaking they gradually disappear during conservation.

Tackling the 3D root system architecture of grapevines: a new phenotyping pipeline based on photogrammetry

Plant roots fulfil important functions as they are responsible for the acquisition of water and nutrients, for anchorage and stability, for interaction with symbionts and, in some cases, for the storage of carbohydrates. These functions are associated with the Root System Architecture (RSA, i.e. the form and the spatial arrangement of the roots in the soil). The RSA results from several biological processes (elongation, ramification, mortality…) genetically determined but with high structural plasticity.

Anthocyanin content and composition of Merlot grapes under temperature and late pruning conditions 

One of the main aspects of Climate Change is the increase of temperatures during summer and grape maturity period. Physiological processes are influenced by these high temperatures and result in grapes with higher sugar concentration, less acidity and less anthocyanin content among other quality changes. One strategy to deal with the climate change effects is the implementation of late winter pruning to alter the effect of high temperatures during key periods by delays in maturity time.