terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 THE ROLE OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANINS AND TANNINS: RESULTS, PERSPECTIVES OF A MORE POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION

THE ROLE OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANINS AND TANNINS: RESULTS, PERSPECTIVES OF A MORE POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION

Abstract

The composition of grape berry cell walls was studied on two grape varieties, two years and two maturation levels at the same time as the extraction of anthocyanins and tannins. The chemical composition of skins, seeds, and pulps, focused on polyphenols and polysaccharides, was compared to the chemical composition in polyphenols after extraction from the skins in model solutions or after wine making of the berries. Polyphenols were mainly characterized by UPLC-MS and HPLC-SEC. Polysaccharides were characterized by analysis of the neutral sugar compositions, and also by the CoMPP (comprehensive micropolymer profiling) analysis, a new method which targets the functional groups of cell wall polysaccharides.

The extractions rates showed huge differences between the non acylated and the para-coumaroylated anthocyanins. The former were much easier to extract than the latter. Particularily in model solutions, the extraction of p-coumaroylated anthocyanins was almost negligible. The extraction rate of tannins was between those of the two anthocyanin families. Moreover, in wines as in model solutions, the final concentrations in tannins, non acylated and p-coumaroylated anthocyanins showed correlations that did not exist in the berry compositions, suggesting a similar mechanism of extraction associating those three families of polyphenols. According to the CoMPPs, these mechanisms would mainly rely on polysaccharidic families, namely hemicelluloses, homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans, and extensins.

The major role of the cell wall polysaccharides in the extraction of tannins and anthocyanins was confirmed. CoMPPs revealed a much more complex mechanism than expected, e.g. homogalacturonans in skins and pulps associated to an increase and a decrease of the polyphenols extractibilities, respectively. Moreover, our study changed the standpoint on cell wall polysaccharides. Up to now, they were considered as detrimental since they bind polyphenols, and were thus expected to increase losses. But they also release soluble polysaccharides (PRAGs) which contribute positively to the colloidal stability of wines.

1. Boulet, J.C., Abi-Habib, E., Carrillo, S., Roi, S., Veran, F., Verbaere, A., Meudec, E., Rattier, A., Ducasse, M.A., Jorgensen, B. Hansen, J., Le Gall, S., Poncet-Legrand, C., Cheynier, V., Doco, T., Vernhet, A. Focus on the relationships between the cell wall composition in the extraction of anthocyanins and tannins from grape berries. Food Chemistry, 406, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135023

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Jean-Claude Boulet1,2, Elissa Abi-Habib¹, Stéphanie Carrillo¹, Stéphanie Roi¹, Frédéric Veran¹, Arnaud Verbaere1,2, Emmanuelle Meudec1,2, Anais Rattiera², Marie-Agnès Ducasse³, Bodil, Jorgensen⁴, Jeanett Hansen⁴, Sophie Le Gall⁵,⁶, Céline Poncet-Legrand¹, Véronique Cheynier1,2, Thierry Doco¹, Aude Vernhet¹

1. Univ. Montpellier, SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier Supagro, 34070 Montpellier, France
2. INRAE, PROBE research infrastructure, PFP polyphenols analysis facility, 34070 Montpellier, France
3. IFV, experimental unit of Pech Rouge, 11430 Gruissan, France
4. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
5. INRAE, UR BIA, 44316 Nantes, France
6. INRAE, PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS biopolymers analysis facility, 44316 Nantes, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

Yeast, New Zealand Pinot noir, Polysaccharides, Chemical profile

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

IN DEPTH CHARACTERIZATION OF OENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO LACHANCEA THERMOTOLERANS STARTER STRAINS

Non-Saccharomyces starter cultures became increasingly popular over the years because of their potential to produce more distinctive and unique wines. The major benefit of the use of Lachancea thermotolerans as a fermentation starter is its ability to produce relevant amounts of lactic acid and reduce alcoholic strength, making it valuable for mitigating negative impacts of climate change on grapes and wine quality. Besides, like any other non-Saccharomyces yeast, L. thermotolerans can significantly affect a whole range of other physico-chemical wine parameters.

Read More

Grouping Vitis vinifera grapevine varieties based on their aromatic composition

Climate change is likely to impact wine typicity across the globe, raising concerns in wine regions historically renowned for the quality of their terroir1. Amongst several changes in viticultural practices, replacing some of the planting material (i.e. clones, rootstocks and cultivars) is thought to be one of the most promising potential levers to be used for adapting to climate change. But the change of cultivars also involves the issue of protecting the region’s wine typicity. In Bordeaux (France), extensive research has been conducted on identifying meridional varieties that could be good candidates to help guard against the effects of climate change2 while less research has been done concerning their impacts on Bordeaux wine typicity.

Read More

WINE RACKING IN THE WINERY AND THE USE OF INERT GASES: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS

Atmospheric oxygen (O₂) generates oxidation in wines that affect their physicochemical and sensory evolution. The O₂ uptake in the different winemaking processes is generally considered to be negative for the sensory characteristics of white and rosé wines. Wine racking is a critical point of O₂ uptake, as the large surface area of the wine exposed during this operation and the inability to maintain an effective inert gas blanket over it.
The aim was to study the uptake of O₂ during the racking of a model wine as a reference and to compare with purging the destination tank with different inert gases.

Read More

TANNINS AND ANTHOCYANINS KINETICS OF EXTRACTION FROM ARINARNOA, MARSELAN AND TANNAT UNDER DIFFERENT WINEMAKING TECHNIQUES

Marselan wines have an unusual high proportion of seed derived tannins from grapes having high proportions of skins, which are rich in tannins. But the causes behind this characteristic have not yet been identified. In vintage 2023 wines were made at experimental scale (9 kg by experimental unit) from Arinarnoa, Marselan and Tannat Vitis vinifera grape cultivars by traditional maceration, and by techniques aimed to increase the wine content in skin derived tannin: addition of extraction enzymes, addition at vatting of grape-skin enological tannins, or by extended maceration, known to increase the seed derived tannin contents of wines.

Read More

PRODUCTION OF A FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE FROM WINEMAKING BY-PRODUCTS: A NEW WAY OF VALORISATION

In the challenge of transforming waste into useful products that can be re-used in a circular economy perspective, winery by-products can be considered as a source of potentially bioactive molecules such as polyphenols. The wine industry generates each year 20 million tons of by-products. Kombucha fermentation is an ancestral process which allow to increase the biological properties of tea by the action of a microbial consortium formed by yeasts and bacteria called SCOBY. It belongs to the field of healthy food for which the interest of consumers is growing. The objective of this work was to propose a new functional beverage made from winemaking by-products fermented by a Kombucha SCOBY.

Read More