terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 EFFECTS OF WINEMAKING FACTORS AND AGEING ON THE POLYPHENOLIC AND COLORIMETRIC PROFILES IN RED WINES PRONE TO COLOUR INSTABILITY

EFFECTS OF WINEMAKING FACTORS AND AGEING ON THE POLYPHENOLIC AND COLORIMETRIC PROFILES IN RED WINES PRONE TO COLOUR INSTABILITY

Abstract

The effects of (A) grape freezing, and (B) malolactic fermentation, have been evaluated on the chemical and colorimetric profiles of red wines from Schiava grossa cv. grapes, thus prone to colour instability. The aim was to observe if specific variables (e.g. grape freezing) could improve the extraction and stability of pigments. The samples were studied from musts up to twelve months in bottle. The study was conducted with independent parallel micro-vinifications (12 = 4 theses x 3 replicates) under strictly-controlled conditions. The measured parameters included: 1) sugars, organic acids and %ABV (measured by specific enzymatic methods or by OIV reference methods), 2) dissolved oxygen (measured according to OIV protocols), 3) semi-quantitative determination of pigments, profile of non-anthocyanidin phenols, and profile of condensed tannins (LC-QqQ/MS [1]), spectrophotometric indexes (Hue and Intensity), colorimetric indexes (CIELab parameters), and the volatile profiles (GCxGC-ToF/MS [2]). A striking relation among the abundances of four anthocyanidin monoglucosides (peonidin-3-glu, malvidin-3-glu, petunidin-3-glu, and cyanidin-3-glu) has been observed in the musts from frozen grapes, but not in wines from frozen or non-frozen grapes. Cyclic procyanidins showed neither significant differences in concentration in must and wine due to any specific applied factor, nor due to specific treatments (such as with bentonites), proving again their applicability as markers for the grape variety in wine [3]. A substantial drop in peonidin-3-glu over the vinification (the main anthocyanin in Schiava cv. grapes) was studied in relation to the applied study factors. Grape freezing increased the extraction of peonidin-3-glu in the must, though the rate of its subsequent loss was faster than in wines from non-frozen grapes. Nonethe-less, peonidin-3-glucoside was still more concentrated in the wines from frozen grapes than in wines from non-frozen grapes up to wine bottling. The wines made from frozen grapes and without malolac-tic fermentation had the highest colorimetric parameters a* (green→red), ΔE* (difference in colour), C* (chromaticity), and ΔH* (difference in tone) colorimetric parameters. b* (blue→yellow) was highest in wines from frozen grapes, but regardless of the application or not of the malolactic fermentation.

 

1. C Dupas de Matos, A., Longo, E., et al. (2020). Foods, vol. 9(4), p. 499
2. Poggesi, S., Dupas de Matos, A., Longo, E., et al. (2021). Molecules, vol. 26(20), p. 6245
3. Longo, E., Rossetti, F., Jouin, A., et al. (2019). Food chemistry, vol. 299, p. 125125

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Edoardo Longo1,2,*,†, Aakriti Darnal1,2, Adriana Teresa Ceci1,2, Simone Poggesi1,2,3, Tanja Mimmo², Emanuele Boselli1,2

1. Oenolab, NOI TechPark Alto Adige/Südtirol, Via A. Volta 13/B, 39100 Bolzano (Italy)
2. Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano (Italy)
3. Food experience and sensory testing laboratory (Feast), Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410 (New Zealand)

Contact the author*

Keywords

Colour instability, Grape freezing, Chemical profile, Colorimetry

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

MODULATION OF YEAST-DERIVED AROMA COMPOUNDS IN CHARDONNAY WINES USING ENCAPSULATED DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TO CONTROL NUTRIENT RELEASE

Yeast-derived aroma compounds are the result of different and complex biochemical pathways that mainly occur during alcoholic fermentation. Many of them are related -but not limited- to the availability of nutrients in the fermentation medium and linked to nitrogen metabolism and biomass produced. Besides, the metabolic phase of yeast also regulates the expression of many enzymes involved in the formation of aroma active compounds. The work investigates the overall effect of continuous supplementation of nutrients during alcoholic fermentation of a grape must on the volatile composition of wines.

Read More

PHENOLICS DYNAMICS OF BERRIES FROM VITIS VINIFERA CV SYRAH GRAFTED ON TWO CONTRASTING ROOTSTOCKS UNDER COMBINED SALINITY AND WATER STRESSORS AND ITS EFFECT ON WINE QUALITY

Wine regions are getting warmer as average temperatures continue raising affecting grape growth, berry composition and wine production. Berry quality was evaluated in plants of Vitis vinifera cv Syrah grafted on two rootstocks, Paulsen (PL1103) and SO4, and grown under two salinity concentrations (LS:0.7dS/m and HS:2.5dSm-1) in combination with two irrigation regimes (HW:133% and CW:100%), being the seasonal water application 483mm (control, 100%). Spectrophotometer measurements from berry skin during veraison and harvest stages and from “young” wine samples, were indicative of the stressors effect and the mediation of the rootstocks. At veraison (i) total phenolics content were high under LSHW (0.7dSm-1 and high water conditions) for SO4 and PL1103.

Read More

PRECISE AND SUSTAINABLE OENOLOGY THROUGH THE OPTIMIZED USE OF AD- JUVANTS: A BENTONITE-APPLIED MODEL OF STUDY TO EXPLOIT

As wine resilience is the result of different variables, including the wine pH and the concentration of wine components, a detailed knowledge of the relationships between the adjuvant to attain stability and the oenological medium is fundamental for process optimization and to increase wine durability till the time of consumption.

Read More

FLOW CYTOMETRY, A POWERFUL AND SUSTAINABLE METHOD WITH MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS IN ENOLOGY

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful technique allowing the detection, characterization and quantification of microbial populations in different fields of application (medical environment, food industry, enology, etc.). Depending on the fluorescent markers and specific probes used, FCM provides information on the physiological state of the cell and allows the quantification of a microorganism of interest within a mixed population. For 15 years, the enological sector has shown growing interest in this technique, which is now used to determine the populations present (of interest or spoilage) and the physiological state of microorganisms at the different stages of winemaking.

Read More

A NEW STRATEGY AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOLS IN FINING PRECIPITATE

Polyphenols are secondary metabolite widely distributed in plant kingdom such as in fruits, in grapes and in wine. During the winemaking process, polyphenols are extract from the skin and seed of the berries. Fining is an important winemaking step just before bottling which has an impact on wine stabilization and clarification. Most the time, fining agent are animal or vegetal protein while some of them can be synthetic polymer like PVPP or natural origin like bentonite.

Read More