terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 EFFECTS OF WINEMAKING FACTORS AND AGEING ON THE POLYPHENOLIC AND COLORIMETRIC PROFILES IN RED WINES PRONE TO COLOUR INSTABILITY

EFFECTS OF WINEMAKING FACTORS AND AGEING ON THE POLYPHENOLIC AND COLORIMETRIC PROFILES IN RED WINES PRONE TO COLOUR INSTABILITY

Abstract

The effects of (A) grape freezing, and (B) malolactic fermentation, have been evaluated on the chemical and colorimetric profiles of red wines from Schiava grossa cv. grapes, thus prone to colour instability. The aim was to observe if specific variables (e.g. grape freezing) could improve the extraction and stability of pigments. The samples were studied from musts up to twelve months in bottle. The study was conducted with independent parallel micro-vinifications (12 = 4 theses x 3 replicates) under strictly-controlled conditions. The measured parameters included: 1) sugars, organic acids and %ABV (measured by specific enzymatic methods or by OIV reference methods), 2) dissolved oxygen (measured according to OIV protocols), 3) semi-quantitative determination of pigments, profile of non-anthocyanidin phenols, and profile of condensed tannins (LC-QqQ/MS [1]), spectrophotometric indexes (Hue and Intensity), colorimetric indexes (CIELab parameters), and the volatile profiles (GCxGC-ToF/MS [2]). A striking relation among the abundances of four anthocyanidin monoglucosides (peonidin-3-glu, malvidin-3-glu, petunidin-3-glu, and cyanidin-3-glu) has been observed in the musts from frozen grapes, but not in wines from frozen or non-frozen grapes. Cyclic procyanidins showed neither significant differences in concentration in must and wine due to any specific applied factor, nor due to specific treatments (such as with bentonites), proving again their applicability as markers for the grape variety in wine [3]. A substantial drop in peonidin-3-glu over the vinification (the main anthocyanin in Schiava cv. grapes) was studied in relation to the applied study factors. Grape freezing increased the extraction of peonidin-3-glu in the must, though the rate of its subsequent loss was faster than in wines from non-frozen grapes. Nonethe-less, peonidin-3-glucoside was still more concentrated in the wines from frozen grapes than in wines from non-frozen grapes up to wine bottling. The wines made from frozen grapes and without malolac-tic fermentation had the highest colorimetric parameters a* (green→red), ΔE* (difference in colour), C* (chromaticity), and ΔH* (difference in tone) colorimetric parameters. b* (blue→yellow) was highest in wines from frozen grapes, but regardless of the application or not of the malolactic fermentation.

 

1. C Dupas de Matos, A., Longo, E., et al. (2020). Foods, vol. 9(4), p. 499
2. Poggesi, S., Dupas de Matos, A., Longo, E., et al. (2021). Molecules, vol. 26(20), p. 6245
3. Longo, E., Rossetti, F., Jouin, A., et al. (2019). Food chemistry, vol. 299, p. 125125

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Edoardo Longo1,2,*,†, Aakriti Darnal1,2, Adriana Teresa Ceci1,2, Simone Poggesi1,2,3, Tanja Mimmo², Emanuele Boselli1,2

1. Oenolab, NOI TechPark Alto Adige/Südtirol, Via A. Volta 13/B, 39100 Bolzano (Italy)
2. Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano (Italy)
3. Food experience and sensory testing laboratory (Feast), Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410 (New Zealand)

Contact the author*

Keywords

Colour instability, Grape freezing, Chemical profile, Colorimetry

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

GRAPE SPIRITS FOR PORT WINE PRODUCTION: SCREENING THEIR AROMA PROFILE

Port is a fortified wine, produced from grapes grown in the demarcated Douro region. The fortification process consists in the addition of a grape spirit (77% v/v) to the fermenting juice for fermentation interruption, resulting in remaining residual sugars in the wine and increased alcohol content (19-22%). The approval of grape spirits follows the Appellation (D.O. Port wine) rules1 and it is currently carried out based on analytical control and on sensory evaluation done by the public Institute that upholds the control of the quality of Douro Appellation wines. However, the producers of Port wines would like to have more information about quality markers of grape spirits.

Read More

HOW DOES ULTRASOUND TREATMENT AFFECT THE AGEING PROFILE OF AN ITALIAN RED WINE?

Many wine styles require moderate or extended ageing to ensure optimal consumer experience. However, few consumers have the interest or ability to age wine themselves, and holding wine in optimal conditions for extended periods is expensive for producers. A study was conducted on the use of ul-trasound energy on wine, with particular reference to its impact on sensory and chemical profiles. The OIV has authorised the use of ultrasound for processing crushed grapes (must) in Resolution OENO 616-2019, but not yet for finished wine1,2.

Read More

INFLUENCE OF THE NITROGEN / LIPIDS RATIO OF MUSTS ON THE REVELATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN SAUVIGNON BLANC WINE

Production of volatile compounds by yeast is known to be modulated by must nitrogen. Nevertheless, various parameter of must quality have an impact on yeast fermentation. In this study we propose to evaluate the impact of nitrogen / lipids balance on a Sauvignon Blanc grape juice (Val de Loire).
Must was prepared from the same grapes at pilot scale. Three modalities were carried out: direct pressing, direct pressing with a pre-fermentation cold stabulation and pellicular maceration before pressing.

Read More

WHITE WINES OXIDATIVE STABILITY: A 2-VINTAGE STUDY OF CHARDONNAY CHAMPAGNE BASE WINES AGED ON LEES IN BARRELS

Ultra-premium champagne wines are characterized by a long stay on laths. The goal of the winemaker is to use all possible oenological techniques to keep the aromatic freshness of the future products. To that purpose, some champagne base wines can be aged on lees in oak barrels. However, if it is now acknowledged that such ageing practices contribute to the oxidative stability of dry white wines, no study has been done on Chardonnay champagne base wines designed for a long ageing on laths [1].

Read More

DEVELOPMENT OF DISTILLATION SENSORS FOR SPIRIT BEVERAGES PRODUCTION MONITORING BASED ON IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT AND PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION (PLS-R)

During spirit beverages production, the distillate is divided in three parts: the head, the heart, and the tail. Acetaldehyde and ethanol are two key markers which allow the correct separation of distillate. Being toxic, the elimination of the head part, which contains high concentration of acetaldehyde, is crucial to guarantee the consumer’s health and security. Plus, the tail should be separated from the heart based on ethanol concentration.

Read More