terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Exogenous dsRNA applications to identify novel candidate susceptibility genes to downy mildew

Exogenous dsRNA applications to identify novel candidate susceptibility genes to downy mildew

Abstract

One of the major threats to viticulture is represented by fungal pathogens. Plasmopara viticola, an oomycete causinggrapevine downy mildew, is one of the principal causes of grape production losses. The most efficient management strategies are represented by a combination of agronomical practices, fungicides’ applications, and use of resistant varieties. Plant resistance is conferred by the presence of resistance (R) genes. Opposed to them, susceptibility (S) genes are encoded by plants and exploited by pathogens to promote infection. Loss or mutation of S genes can limit the ability of pathogens to infect the host. By exploiting post-transcriptional gene silencing, known as RNA intereference (RNAi), it is possible to knock-down the expression of S genes, promoting plant resistance. Gene silencing is induced upon exogenous application of dsRNA, which can interfere with protein synthesis. With the aim of identifying new candidate genes to be employed in breeding programs, three novel candidate S genes to downy mildew, VviLBDIf7, VviAS1 and VviB3, have been identified. Candidates’ validation was carried out through RNAi on the susceptible cultivar Pinot noir. Disease severity was estimated by experimental inoculation of P. viticola on leaves sampled at different timepoints after the treatment with dsRNA, while gene expression was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Successful downregulation of candidate genes resulted in a significant reduction of plants susceptibility to downy mildew, suggesting our candidates as downy mildew S genes, leading to the possibility of employing an RNAi-based strategy as a more sustainable alternative to conventional management strategies.

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Elisabetta Sergi1*, Giuliana Maddalena1, Valentina Ricciardi1, Demetrio Marcianò1, Beatrice Lecchi1, Osvaldo Failla1, Silvia Laura Toffolatti1, Gabriella De Lorenzis1

1 Affliliation Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan (Italy)

Contact the author*

Keywords

S genes, RNAi, gene silencing, Plasmopara viticola, Vitis vinifera

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Genetic prospecting of rainfed viticulture in the region with the largest cultivated area in Chile

The Maule region hosts up to a third of the total area of vineyards in Chile, in an environment where ancient practices inherited from the colonial past coexist with modernity and dynamism that include technified irrigation and fine vines. In the dry land of Maule there is a viticulture that has subsisted with ancient vines and traditions transmitted over generations, and there is little clarity about the origin and classification of the Maule viticulture, giving rise to the use of different concepts as synonyms to describe the ancient, minority, patrimonial or Criollas vines. In order to characterize and protect the ancient material, we studied the genetic diversity of a territorial collection that covers 80% of the communes of the region, prioritizing plants established more than 40-60 years ago.

AN AUTOMATIC CANOPY COOLING SYSTEM TO COPE WITH THE THERMAL-RADIATIVE STRESSES IN THE PIGNOLETTO WHITE GRAPE

In recent years characterized by hot dry summers, the implementation of innovative irrigation tools in the vineyard represents a crucial challenge to ensure optimal production and to avoid excess of water consumption. It is known that the grapevine reacts to multiple stresses – i.e., high temperatures and wa- ter shortage – through adaptive mechanisms that are detrimental to the yield. Furthermore, this condi- tion is usually aggravated by high solar radiation, which could negatively affect the phenolic composi- tion of the grapes. Therefore, a cooling system has been developed aiming to reduce bunches’ sunburn damage.

Fine-scale projections of future climate in the vineyards of southern Uruguay

In viticulture, climate change significantly impacts the plant’s development and the quality and characteristics of wines. These variations are often observed over short distances in a wine-growing region and are linked to local features (slope, soil, seasonal climate, etc.). The high spatial variability of climate caused by local factors is often of the same order or even higher than the temperature increase simulated by the different IPCC scenarios.

Cinétique de développement de la Pourriture Noble dans différents terroirs des Coteaux du Layon : mise au point d’une méthodologie

Dans la région des Coteaux du Layon, en Maine et Loire, l’effet terroir et son déterminisme sont étudiés dans le cadre de la production des vins liquoreux.
Ces vins sont le résultat d’une maturité poussée au delà de celle prévue par la nature afin de donner aux baies une teneur en sucre et en matière sèche très forte, pour mieux valoriser ces effets de la surmaturation, les baies sont récoltées selon la méthode des tries successives (Asselin et al, 1996). Ainsi, on ne récolte à chaque passage que les grains ayant atteint le niveau de concentration requis pour obtenir des vins à fort degré d’alcool avec des sucres résiduels.

Analyse climatique à l’échelle des Coteaux du Layon

Les études d’impact du climat sur la vigne nécessite de descendre à des échelles très fines car les facteurs climatiques sont tributaires de la topographie, la végétation, les expositions … Dans le cadre du programme ANR-JC Terviclim, 22 capteurs ont été installés dans les vignobles des Coteaux du Layon afin de caractériser le climat particulier de ces terroirs. L’analyse des températures montre de fortes disparités entre les data loggers et pourtant situés parfois sur les mêmes parcelles ou sur des parcelles voisines. Les indices bioclimatiques tels les degrés jours sont également contrastés suivant la situation des capteurs sur les coteaux.