terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Pierce’s disease of grapevines, a new threat to the wine industry in Southern Europe

Pierce’s disease of grapevines, a new threat to the wine industry in Southern Europe

Abstract

Pierce’s disease (PD) is considered a potential threat to european viticulture (EPPO a2 list of pathogens since 1981). In the usa, infections caused by the vector-borne bacterium xylella fastidiosa have caused recurrent damage to vineyards in California and the Southeastern states. However, vineyards in Europe have remained free of PD until recently, when it was first detected on the island of Mallorca in 2017. The reasons for the absence of PD in continental Europe have not been convincingly explained. Using an epidemiological model that simulates transmission, summer growth and winter survival of the bacterium on the infected plant and the distribution of the main vector in europe, philaenus spumarius, we tracked the epidemic risk of PD over time from 1870 to forthcoming +3°c scenarios. We find that continental Europe remained free of the risk of PD establishment until the 90s of the last century, and since then the risk has increased exponentially. Under scenarios of +2 to +3°c average temperature increase in Europe, our model predicts a very substantial increase in epidemic risk in large parts of Italy, Southern France and Portugal, and to a much lesser extent in spain. Recent outbreaks of PD in Portugal and Italy are in temporal and spatial agreement with our model predictions, making the projections quite reliable and a cause for concern for southern european viticulture.

La maladie de pierce de la vigne, une nouvelle menace pour la filière vitivinicole du sud de l’Europe

La maladie de pierce (MP) est considérée comme une menace potentielle pour la viticulture européenne (liste a2 de l’OEPP des agents pathogènes depuis 1981). Aux États-Unis, les infections causées par la bactérie vectorielle xylella fastidiosa ont causé des dégâts récurrents dans les vignobles de Californie et des états du sud-est. Cependant, les vignobles européens sont restés exempts de MP jusqu’à récemment, lorsqu’elle a été détectée pour la première fois sur l’île de Majorque en 2017. Les raisons de l’absence de MP en europe continentale n’ont pas été expliquées de manière convaincante. A l’aide d’un modèle épidémiologique simulant la transmission, la croissance estivale et la survie hivernale de la bactérie sur la plante infectée ainsi que la répartition du principal vecteur en Europe, philaenus spumarius, nous avons suivi le risque épidémique de MP au fil du temps, de 1870 jusqu’à +3°c prochain. Scénarios. Nous constatons que l’europe continentale est restée à l’abri du risque d’établissement de la mp jusqu’aux années 90 du siècle dernier et que depuis lors, le risque a augmenté de façon exponentielle. Dans des scénarios d’augmentation de la température moyenne de +2 à +3°c en Europe, notre modèle prédit une augmentation très importante du risque épidémique dans une grande partie de l’Italie, du sud de la France et du Portugal, et dans une bien moindre mesure en Espagne. Les récents foyers de mp au portugal et en Italie sont en accord temporel et spatial avec les prévisions de notre modèle, ce qui rend les projections assez fiables et préoccupantes pour la viticulture du sud de l’Europe.

La enfermedad de pierce en la vid, una nueva amenaza para la industria vitivinícola del sur de Europa

La enfermedad de pierce (PD) se considera una amenaza potencial para la viticultura europea (lista a2 de patógenos de la OEPP desde 1981). En Estados Unidos, las infecciones causadas por la bacteria xylella fastidiosa, transmitida por vectores, han causado daños recurrentes en viñedos de California y los estados del sureste. Sin embargo, los viñedos en Europa han permanecido libres de PD hasta hace poco, cuando se detectó por primera vez en la isla de Mallorca en 2017. Las razones de la ausencia de PD en Europa continental no se han explicado de manera convincente. Utilizando un modelo epidemiológico que simula la transmisión, el crecimiento estival y la supervivencia invernal de la bacteria en la planta infectada y la distribución del principal vector en Europa, philaenus spumarius, rastreamos el riesgo epidémico de pd a lo largo del tiempo desde 1870 hasta los próximos escenarios de +3°c. Encontramos que Europa continental permaneció libre del riesgo de establecimiento de la PD hasta los años 90 del siglo pasado, y desde entonces el riesgo ha aumentado exponencialmente. Bajo escenarios de +2 a +3°c de aumento de la temperatura media en Europa, nuestro modelo predice un aumento muy sustancial del riesgo epidémico en amplias zonas de Italia, sur de Francia y Portugal, y en mucha menor medida en España. Los recientes brotes de PD en Portugal e italia coinciden temporal y espacialmente con las predicciones de nuestro modelo, lo que hace que las proyecciones sean bastante fiables y motivo de preocupación para la viticultura del sur de Europa.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Eduardo Moralejo¹

¹ Tragsa – Passatge Cala Figuera, Nº 6, Palma, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

An online training tool for wine professionals around the world: from responsible service to a sustainable consumption of wine

Most consumers enjoy wine in moderation, however, there remains a minority that may develop risky drinking habits, potentially harming themselves and those around them. For the last fifteen years, a prime objective of the wine in moderation programme has been to educate and empower the wine sector and now for the first time, a central education tool has been developed, integrating the topic of moderate consumption horizontally in all wine activities. The entire wine value chain – from the producer to the salesperson to the restaurant service staff – can contribute to reduce harmful consumption and encourage responsible drinking patterns.

Chemical affinity and binding capacity between pre-purified Cabernet-Sauvignon/Merlot anthocyanins and salivary proteins monitored by UHPLC Q-ToF MS analysis

Apart from pro(antho)cyanidins and tannins, other phenolic compounds in wine or grapes have been shown to interact with salivary proteins and may contribute to overall sensory in-mouth sensations [1, 2]. Anthocyanins are the dominant phenolics in red wine and grape skin [3] , so it is expected that they come into contact and interact with salivary proteins after ingestion.

Reduce sulfur dioxide addition using a natural polymer chitosan phytate

Most oxidation reactions in wine require iron as a catalyst. The iron content of wine has decreased greatly in recent decades due to the use of low or no release cellar materials; however, in some cases it is still necessary to adopt winemaking practices to remove excess iron from wine, prevent its oxidation, and be able to reduce the addition of sulfur dioxide and other antioxidants.

Innovative red winemaking strategy: biosurfactant-assisted extraction and stabilization of phenolic compounds

The color is the first attribute perceived by consumers and a major factor determining the quality of red wines. This depends mainly on the content of grape anthocyanins and their extraction into the juice/wine during winemaking. Furthermore, these compounds can undergo reactions that influence the chemical and sensory characteristics of the wine. Monomeric forms are prone to oxidation and adsorption on solid parts.

Coping with heatwaves: management strategies for berry survival and vineyard resilience

Climate change is leading to an increase in average temperature and in the frequency and severity of heatwaves that is already significantly affecting grapevine phenology and berry composition (Webb et al., 2010). This is compounded by water stress, which is well known to increase the vulnerability of grapevines and berries to heatwaves. In hot climate regions like australia, grape production is only possible due to relatively secure supplies of water for irrigation. However, the upper temperature limits for berry survival of well-watered grapevines remains to be tested.