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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biomarkers of vineyard yield in Champagne

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biomarkers of vineyard yield in Champagne

Abstract

Grapevines are colonized by a multitude of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, oomycetes), mainly through roots in contact with the soil microbial reservoir. Some microorganisms cause disease and others have positive or negative effects on the plant (protection against pathogens, resistance to abiotic stress, improved nutrition). In addition to their functional roles, microorganisms respond rapidly to environmental changes (climate, cultivation practices), which could make them candidate biomarkers of the performance of the viticultural ecosystem. The aim of this study is (i) to test whether a positive relationship exists between microbial diversity and vineyard yield, (ii) to identify potential microorganisms that are biomarkers of high and stable yields over time, and (iii) to test whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are over-represented among these biomarkers. Vine plots with long-term contrasted yields were selected in Champagne based on multi-year records of yield. We sampled the vine roots and characterized the microbiota using metabarcoding approaches targeting bacterial and fungal communities. Our analyses revealed no relationship between microbial taxonomic diversity and grape yield. Using differential abundance analyses and supervised machine learning algorithms, we identified microbial biomarkers of high versus low yield in the root compartment. We identified 58 fungal and oomycete biomarkers, among which there were several AMFs. These AMFs were all biomarkers of high-yielding plots, suggesting a direct role in vine growth and productivity. These microbial biomarkers of stable and high yields will enable the development of diagnostic programs for the functioning of viticultural ecosystems.

Les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules comme biomarqueurs du rendement des vignobles en Champagne

La vigne est colonisée par une multitude de micro-organismes (champignons, bactéries, oomycètes) venant principalement du réservoir microbien constitué par le sol. Ces micro-organismes ont des effets positifs ou négatifs sur la vigne (protection contre les pathogènes, résistance aux stress abiotiques, amélioration de la nutrition, mais aussi déclenchement de maladies) (Fournier, Pellan et al. 2022). En plus de ces rôles fonctionnels, ils répondent rapidement aux changements environnementaux (climat, pratiques culturales) ce qui pourrait faire d’eux de bons bioindicateurs du fonctionnement de l’écosystème viticole. L’objectif de cette étude est (i) de tester s’il existe une relation positive entre diversité microbienne et rendement, (ii) d’identifier des micro-organismes bioindicateurs des rendements élevés et stables au cours du temps et (iii) de tester si les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMAs) sont sur-représentés parmi ces bioindicateurs. Pour cela, des parcelles aux rendement contrastés ont été sélectionnées en Champagne sur la base de relevés pluriannuels. Nous avons ensuite échantillonné le sol, les racines et les feuilles puis caractérisé les microbiotes par des approches de métabarcoding ciblant les communautés bactériennes et fongiques. Nos analyses n’ont pas mis en évidence de relation entre la diversité taxonomique microbienne et le rendement. Avec des analyses différentielles d’abondance et des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique supervisé, nous avons identifié des biomarqueurs du rendement dans chaque compartiment: 16 biomarqueurs dans les feuilles, 44 dans les racines et 101 dans le sol. Plusieurs CMAs font partie des bioindicateurs du compartiment racinaire et du sol. Ces CMAs sont tous associés aux parcelles à fort rendement, suggérant un rôle direct dans la croissance et la productivité des vignes. Ces bioindicateurs microbiens des rendements stables et élevés permettront de développer de programmes de diagnostic du fonctionnement des écosystèmes viticoles. 

Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares como biomarcadores del rendimiento del viñedo en Champaña

A vid está colonizada por multitud de microorganismos (hongos, bacterias, oomicetos) procedentes principalmente del reservorio microbiano constituido por el suelo. Estos microorganismos tienen efectos positivos o negativos sobre la vid (protección contra patógenos, resistencia al estrés abiótico, nutrición, pero también desencadenamiento de enfermedades) (Fournier, Pellan et al. 2022). Además de estos roles funcionales, responden rápidamente a los cambios ambientales (clima, prácticas culturales) que podrían convertirlos en buenos bioindicadores del funcionamiento del ecosistema vitivinícola. El objetivo de este estudio es (i) probar si existe una relación positiva entre la diversidad microbiana y el rendimiento, (ii) identificar microorganismos que sean bioindicadores de rendimientos altos y estables en el tiempo y (iii) probar si las micorrizas arbusculares Los hongos (HMA) están sobrerrepresentados entre estos bioindicadores. Para ello, se seleccionaron parcelas con rendimientos contrastantes en Champaña basándose en encuestas de varios años. Luego tomamos muestras del suelo, las raíces y las hojas y luego caracterizamos la microbiota utilizando enfoques de metacódigos de barras dirigidos a comunidades bacterianas y fúngicas. Nuestros análisis no resaltaron la relación entre la diversidad taxonómica microbiana y el rendimiento. Con análisis de abundancia diferencial y algoritmos de aprendizaje automático supervisados, identificamos biomarcadores de rendimiento en cada compartimento: 16 biomarcadores en hojas, 44 en raíces y 101 en suelo. Varios CMA forman parte de los bioindicadores del compartimento radicular y del suelo. Todas estas CMA están asociadas a parcelas de alto rendimiento, lo que sugiere un papel directo en el crecimiento y la productividad de las vides. Estos bioindicadores microbianos de rendimientos estables y elevados permitirán desarrollar programas de diagnóstico del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas vitivinícolas.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Lucille Pellan¹, Paola Fournier¹, Laurence Mercier², Emilie Chancerel³, Erwan Guichoux³, François Delmotte¹, Corinne Vacher¹

¹ INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, Villenave-d’Ornon, France
² Centre de Recherche Robert-Jean de Vogüé, Moët-Hennessy, Oiry, France
³ INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, BioGeCo, Cestas, France

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Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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