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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Biological control of the vineyard: new microbiological findings from CREA-VE

Biological control of the vineyard: new microbiological findings from CREA-VE

Abstract

According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 75.866 km2 of the world is dedicated to grape cultivation. About 71.0% of the world’s grape production is destined for winemaking, 27.0% for consumption as fresh fruit and 2.0% as raisin. Grape production is mainly hindered by fungal infections, that can develop both in field and post-harvest. The main grape diseases include downy mildew (caused by plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (caused by erysiphe necator), and grey mould (caused by botrytis cinerea). Moreover, other microbial pathogens contribute to the deterioration of grape being the causal agents of secondary rot, such as different species of the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium, and aspergillus. Today, the common strategies to control these diseases are the use of agrochemicals during pre-harvest and the application of so2 generator pads during post-harvest. Considering the negative impact of chemical control systems on both the environment and human health, one of the main goals of research remains the development of alternative sustainable management strategies to reduce the use of agrochemicals in pre- and post-harve st. One promising alternative, for a safer and more effective control strategy, is the use of microbial fungicides based on biological control agents (bcas) such as bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. The crea-ve of turi (apulia region, Southern Italy) has been dealing with finding new effective bcas against downy mildew and grey mold for several years. We isolated different non-saccharomyces yeast and bacteria strains respectively from berries and leaves of native apulian table grape genotypes. Eight non-saccharomyces yeast and five bacteria strains were selected for their in vivo ability to control grey mold and downy mildew, respectively. These promising bcas were further characterized for their mechanisms of action through in vitro assays, their antagonistic activity against a wide range of fungal pathogens, and their safety to human health.

Control biológico del viñedo: nuevos hallazgos microbiológicos del CREA-VE

según la organización para la agricultura y la alimentación (fao), una superficie de 75.866 km2 en el mundo está dedicada al cultivo de la uva. alrededor del 71,0% de la producción mundial de uva se destina a la elaboración de vino, el 27,0% al consumo como fruta fresca y el 2,0% como pasas. la producción de uva se ve obstaculizada principalmente por infecciones fúngicas, que pueden desarrollarse tanto en el campo como después de la cosecha. las principales enfermedades de la uva son el mildiú velloso (provocado por plasmopara viticola), el mildiú polvoriento (provocado por erysiphe necator) y el moho gris (provocado por botrytis cinerea). sin embargo, otros patógenos, agentes causantes de la pudrición secundaria, también contribuyen al deterioro de la uva, como diferentes especies de los géneros alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium y aspergillus. en la actualidad, las estrategias comunes para controlar estas enfermedades es el uso de pesticidas químicos en precosecha y paneles generadores de so2 en poscosecha. teniendo en cuenta el impacto de los sistemas de control químico tanto en el medio ambiente como en la salud humana, uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación sigue siendo el desarrollo de estrategias alternativas de gestión sostenible para reducir el uso de pesticidas antes y después de la cosecha. los fungicidas microbianos, basados en agentes de control biológico (bcas), como bacterias, levaduras y hongos, representan una alternativa válida a los productos químicos para una estrategia de control más segura y eficaz. el crea-ve de turi (apulia, sur de italia) se dedica desde hace varios años a la búsqueda de nuevos microorganismos eficaces contra dos enfermedades importantísimas de la vid: el mildiú y el moho gris. aislamos diferentes cepas de levaduras y bacterias no saccharomyces, respectivamente, de bayas y hojas de genotipos de uva de mesa nativa de apulia. se seleccionaron ocho cepas de levadura no saccharomyces y cinco cepas de bacterias por su capacidad para controlar in vivo el moho gris y el mildiú velloso, respectivamente. estos prometedores bcas se caracterizaron además por sus mecanismos de acción mediante ensayos in vitro, su actividad antagonista contra una amplia gama de hongos patógenos y su seguridad para la salud humana.

Biocontrollo del vigneto: nuovi ritrovati microbiologici del CREA-VE

Secondo la food and agriculture organisation (fao), a livello mondiale la coltivazione della vite è incentrata su una superficie complessiva di 75.866 km2. Circa il 71.0% dell’intera produzione mondiale di uva è destinata alla trasformazione in vino, il 27.0% al consumo fresco e il 2.0% al consumo come uva passa. La produzione viticola è principalmente minacciata da infezioni fungine, che si possono sviluppare sia in pieno campo che durante la conservazione in post-raccolta. Le principali malattie fungine della vite sono peronospora (causata da plasmopara viticola), oidio (causata da erisiphe necator) e muffa grigia (causata da botrytis cinerea). Tuttavia, altri patogeni fungini, agenti causali di marciumi secondari, contribuiscono ulteriormente al decadimento microbiologico dell’uva, come ad esempio diverse specie afferenti ai generi alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium, and aspergillus. Allo stato attuale, le strategie più comuni, finalizzate al contenimento di queste malattie, prevedono l’impiego di agrofarmaci chimici in vigneto e l’impiego di tappeti rilascianti so2 durante la conservazione in post-raccolta. In considerazione dell’impatto negativo che gli agrofarmaci chimici hanno sia sull’ambiente che sulla salute umana, uno degli obbiettivi principali della ricerca scientifica è rappresentato dal ritrovamento e sviluppo di alternative di gestione sostenibili del vigneto, al fine di ridurre l’impiego di principi attivi chimici sia in vigneto che in post-raccolta. Gli agrofarmaci basati su agenti di biocontrollo (bcas), come ad esempio batteri, lieviti e fungi, rappresentano una valida alternativa ai principi attivi chimici al fine di sviluppare efficienti ed eco-compatibili strategie di controllo. Il crea-ve di turi (puglia, sud italia) è da tempo impegnato nella ricerca di nuovi bcas a spiccata attività antagonistica nei confronti di importanti malattie della vite, quali peronospora e muffa grigia. Nello specifico, sono stati ottenuti differenti isolati di lieviti non-saccharomyces e batteri, rispettivamente da bacche e foglie di genotipi autoctoni pugliesi di uva da tavola. Otto isolati di lievito non-saccharomyces e cinque batteri sono stati selezionati per la loro capacità in prove di antagonismo in vivo di contenimento della muffa grigia e peronospora, rispettivamente. Questi promettenti bcas sono stati ulteriormente caratterizzati in riferimento al loro meccanismo d’azione, grazie all’impiego di prove di antagonismo in vitro, alla loro attività antagonistica nei confronti di un’ampia gamma di patogeni fungini e alla loro salubrità nei confronti della salute umana.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Antonio Domenico Marsico¹, Camilla Mandorino², Antonella Salerno¹, Marco Vendemia¹, Carlo Bergamini¹, Rocco Perniola¹, Lucia Rosaria Forleo¹, Flavia Angela Maria Maggiolini¹, Teodora Basile¹, Maria Francesca Cardone¹, Margherita D’Amico¹

¹ CREA – Viticoltura ed Enologia – Via Casamassima, 148, Turi, Italy
² University of Bari “Aldo Moro” – Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment – Via Orabona, 4, Bari, Italy

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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