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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Safety and health 9 Health benefits of winemaking by-products: in vitro study of the phenolic profile and potential healthy properties

Health benefits of winemaking by-products: in vitro study of the phenolic profile and potential healthy properties

Abstract

Introduction: the wine sector plays a significant role in the international agri-food industry, with the winemaking process leading to the generation of considerable amounts of by-products. Among these by-products, grape pomace, is one of the most abundant resources, mainly finding application in the production of distillates, fertilizers, and animal feed. In recent years, an increasing number of companies have started a circular economy model, which aims to extend the lifecycle of products and to valorize food waste and by-products. In this context, which includes the valorization of food waste and by-products, grape pomace is raising growing interest both for its nutritional properties and potential health benefits. From grape pomace, it is possible to extract functional compounds such as polyphenols, that can be used for food, feed and cosmetic formulations. Although several scientific studies report the possible positive effects of polyphenols on the cardiovascular system and oxidative stress, knowledge regarding their impact on postprandial glycemia modulation is still limited.  Purpose: the aim of this study was to compare different in vitro methods to evaluate the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of grape pomace obtained from different vitis vinifera l. Varieties. The efficacy of the extracts to influence enzymes generally involved in glucose metabolism and glycemia regulation was also investigated.  Methods: different in vitro methods were applied and compared, including: 1) folin-ciocalteu assay to evaluate the total polyphenol content, 2) differential ph test to evaluate the total anthocyanin content, 3) dpph (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to evaluate antioxidant activity, and 4) vanillin assay for the quantification of total proanthocyanidin content. After the preliminary characterization of the samples, the inhibitory capacity of the extracts was evaluated by applying assays for the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp-iv), pancreatic alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Results: spectrophotometric methods proved useful in obtaining initial insights into the phenolic composition of grape samples and generally showed satisfactory correlation with antioxidant activity. In particular, grape pomace, especially when containing seeds, generally represents a valuable source of polyphenols with noticeable antioxidant activity and promising inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp-iv), pancreatic alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase, which are involved in the regulation of post-prandial glycemia.  Conclusions: preliminary results indicate that winemaking by-products can represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds suitable for use in dietary supplements or other functional products, further emphasizing their potential contribution to sustainable practices within the wine sector.

Effetti benefici dei sottoprodotti della vinificazione sulla salute umana: studio in vitro del profilo fenolico e delle potenziali proprietà salutistiche

Introduzione: il settore vinicolo gioca un ruolo significativo nell’industria agroalimentare internazionale; tuttavia, il processo di vinificazione porta alla generazione di considerevoli quantità di scarti/sottoprodotti. Tra questi sottoprodotti, la vinaccia dell’uva, è una delle risorse più abbondanti, trovando principalmente applicazione nella produzione di distillati, fertilizzanti e mangimi per animali. Negli ultimi anni, un numero crescente di aziende ha abbracciato il modello dell’economia circolare, che mira a prolungare il ciclo di vita dei prodotti e a valorizzare gli scarti e i sottoprodotti alimentari. In questo contesto, la vinaccia sta suscitando un interesse crescente sia per il contenuto di molecole ad attività nutrizionale sia per i potenziali benefici per la salute. Dalla vinaccia, è possibile estrarre composti funzionali come i polifenoli, che possono essere utilizzati per formulazioni alimentari, mangimi e cosmetici. Sebbene diversi studi scientifici riportino i possibili effetti positivi dei polifenoli sul sistema cardiovascolare e sullo stress ossidativo, le conoscenze riguardanti il loro impatto sulla regolazione della glicemia postprandiale sono ancora limitate. Scopo: lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di confrontare diversi metodi in vitro per valutare il profilo fenolico e la capacità antiossidante di vinacce ottenute da diverse varietà di vitis vinifera l. E stata inoltre indagata la capacità degli estratti di influenzare enzimi generalmente coinvolti nel metabolismo del glucosio e nella regolazione della glicemia. Metodi: sono stati applicati e confrontati diversi metodi in vitro, tra cui: 1) il saggio di folin-ciocalteu per valutare il contenuto totale di polifenoli, 2) il test del ph differenziale per valutare il contenuto totale di antociani, 3) il saggio dpph (2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazilo) per valutare l’attività antiossidante e 4) il saggio alla vanillina per la quantificazione del contenuto totale di proantocianidine. In seguito alla caratterizzazione preliminare dei campioni, è stata valutata la capacità inibitoria degli estratti mediante l’applicazione di saggi per l’inibizione della dipeptidil peptidasi iv (dpp-iv), dell’alfa-amilasi pancreatica e dell’alfa-glucosidasi. Risultati: i metodi spettrofotometrici si sono dimostrati utili per ottenere informazioni iniziali sulla composizione fenolica dei campioni che hanno generalmente mostrato una correlazione soddisfacente con l’attività antiossidante. In particolare, la vinaccia, specialmente quando contiene semi, rappresenta una preziosa fonte di polifenoli con una notevole attività antiossidante e un’attività inibitoria promettente sulla dipeptidil peptidasi iv (dpp-iv), sull’alfa-amilasi pancreatica e sull’alfa-glucosidasi.  Conclusioni: i risultati preliminari indicano che i sottoprodotti della vinificazione possono rappresentare una preziosa fonte di composti bioattivi adatti per l’uso in integratori alimentari o altri prodotti per la salute, sottolineando ulteriormente il loro potenziale contributo alle pratiche sostenibili all’interno del settore vinicolo.

Beneficios para la salud de los subproductos de la elaboración del vino: estudio in vitro del perfil fenólico y propiedades beneficiosas potenciales

introducción: el sector del vino juega un papel significativo en la industria agroalimentaria internacional, con el proceso de vinificación que conduce a la generación de cantidades considerables de subproductos. entre estos subproductos, el orujo de uva, es uno de los recursos más abundantes, encontrando principalmente aplicación en la producción de destilados, fertilizantes y alimento para animales. en los últimos años, un número creciente de empresas ha adoptado el modelo de economía circular, que tiene como objetivo extender el ciclo de vida de los productos y valorizar los desperdicios de alimentos y los subproductos. en este contexto, que incluye la valorización de desperdicios de alimentos y subproductos, el orujo de uva está despertando un interés creciente tanto por sus propiedades nutricionales como por sus posibles beneficios para la salud. del orujo de uva, es posible extraer compuestos funcionales como los polifenoles, que pueden ser utilizados para formulaciones alimentarias, de alimentación animal y cosméticas. aunque varios estudios científicos informan sobre los posibles efectos positivos de los polifenoles en el sistema cardiovascular y el estrés oxidativo, el conocimiento sobre su impacto en la regulación de la glucemia postprandial sigue siendo limitado. propósito: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar diferentes métodos in vitro para evaluar el perfil fenólico y la capacidad antioxidante del orujo de uva obtenido de diferentes variedades de vitis vinifera l. también se investigó la capacidad de los extractos para influir en enzimas generalmente involucradas en el metabolismo de la glucosa y la regulación de la glucemia. métodos: se aplicaron y compararon diferentes métodos in vitro, incluyendo: 1) ensayo de folin-ciocalteu para evaluar el contenido total de polifenoles, 2) prueba de ph diferencial para evaluar el contenido total de antocianinas, 3) ensayo dpph (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil) para evaluar la actividad antioxidante, y 4) ensayo de vanilina para la cuantificación del contenido total de proantocianidinas. después de la caracterización preliminar de las muestras, se evaluó la capacidad inhibitoria de los extractos aplicando ensayos para la inhibición de la dipeptidil peptidasa iv (dpp-iv), la alfa-amilasa pancreática y la alfa-glucosidasa. resultados: los métodos espectrofotométricos resultaron útiles para obtener una visión inicial de la composición fenólica de las muestras de uva y mostraron generalmente una correlación satisfactoria con la actividad antioxidante. en particular, el orujo de uva, especialmente cuando contiene semillas, suele representar una valiosa fuente de polifenoles con una actividad antioxidante notable y una prometedora actividad inhibitoria sobre la dipeptidil peptidasa iv (dpp-iv), la alfa-amilasa pancreática y la alfa-glucosidasa. conclusiones: los resultados preliminares indican que los subproductos de la vinificación pueden representar una fuente valiosa de compuestos bioactivos adecuados para su uso en suplementos dietéticos u otros productos de salud, lo que enfatiza aún más su contribución potencial a prácticas sostenibles dentro del sector vitivinícola.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Corinne Bani¹, Patrizia Restani¹, Antonella Bosso², Francesca Mercogliano¹, Chiara Di Lorenzo¹

¹ Università degli Studi di Milano – Italy
² Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura – Centro di Ricerca per l’Enologia – Italy

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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