terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Abstract

Cell pluripotency, enables the possibility to change the cellular fate, stimulating the reorganization and the formation of new vegetative structures from differentiated somatic tissues. Although several factors are implicated in determining the success of a breeding program through the use of modern biotechnological techniques, the definition of a specific regeneration strategy is fundamental to speed up and make these applications feasible. Different plant growth regulators are available to exploit cell plasticity, arousing the production of somatic embryo-related structures or adventitious meristems which will subsequently regenerate their root system. Despite most of the scientific literature on vitis spp. In this matter having been mainly oriented on the somatic embryogenesis regeneration pathway, the provision of newly juvenile tissues could become a suitable starting explant for the adventitious shoot regeneration.  Vitis vinifera wine and grapes cultivars as well as vitis hybrid genotypes used as rootstock have been studied regarding their regeneration potential previous and after the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Adventitious shoot regeneration from cotyledons and hypocotyls obtained from somatic embryos, led to the obtainment and selection of several transformed lines, expressing the nptii (neomycin phosphotransferase ii) and the egfp (enhanced green fluorescent protein), opening a supplementary opportunity to foster the transformed cell regeneration competence.

Embriogenesi somatica e organogenesi: processi di rigenerazione essenziali per la trasformazione genetica in vite

La pluripotenza cellulare consente di cambiare il destino cellulare, stimolando la riorganizzazione e la formazione di nuove strutture vegetative a partire da tessuti somatici già differenziati. Sebbene molti fattori siano coinvolti nella determinazione del successo di un programma di miglioramento genetico basato sull’impiego di moderne tecniche biotecnologiche, la definizione di una specifica strategia di rigenerazione in vitro è fondamentale nella velocizzazione e nel rendere tali applicazioni biotecnologiche attuabili. Differenti sostanze ormonali sono disponibili per sfruttare la plasticità cellulare, stimolando la produzione di embrioni somatici o meristemi avventizi che successivamente rigenereranno il loro apparato radicale. Nonostante la letteratura scientifica in materia di rigenerazione in vitro di vitis spp, sia prevalentemente orientata nel sistema di rigenerazione per embriogenesi somatica, la disponibilità di nuovi tessuti giovanili può essere un’efficace risorsa da impiegare come espianto iniziale per la rigenerazione avventizia di germogli. Varietà di uva da vino e da tavola, nonché genotipi ibridi di vitis, generalmente usati come portinnesti sono stati studiati per la loro potenzialità di rigenerazione prima e dopo la trasformazione genetica mediata da agrobacterium. La rigenerazione avventizia di germogli da cotiledoni e ipocotili, ottenuti da embrioni somatici, ha portato alla selezione di alcune linee geneticamente trasformate, esprimenti il gene nptii (neomyicin phosphotransferase ii) e il gene egfp (enhanced-green fluorescent protein), aprendo la possibilità di favorire la competenza alla rigenerazione delle cellule trasformate.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luca Capriotti¹, Silvia Sabbadini¹, Angela Ricci¹, Irene Piunti¹, Victoria Sùnico Sanchez¹, Patrizio De Angelis¹, Oriano Navacchi², Bruno Mezzetti¹

¹ Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona, Italy
² Vitroplant Italia S.R.L, Via Loreto, 170, Cesena, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

An efficient protocol for long-term maintenance of embryogenic calluses of Vitis vinifera

New breeding techniques (NBTS) could play a significant role in the genetic improvement of grapevine by producing new grape varieties with improved quantitative and qualitative characteristics. However, the application of these new techniques faces some technical challenges. One of the challenges is the generation of embryogenic calluses, which are not only difficult to obtain but it is also difficult to maintain their competence during in vitro cultivation, and thus regenerate plants without defects.

Where the sky is no limit — The transformation of wine marketing through text-to-video generation AI model

The introduction of ai-driven tools in digital content creation represents a significant shift in the landscape of marketing, particularly for industries reliant on rich visual storytelling such as the wine sector. The development of ai models like openai’s sora, runway’s gen-2 or google’s lumiere, which can generate realistic video content from textual descriptions, offers promising new avenues for enhancing brand narrative and consumer engagement. This research explores the potential of text-to-video (t2v) ai models to revolutionize wine marketing by creating dynamic, engaging content that captures the essence of vineyards and their products without the need for traditional video production processes.

Mineral-wine profile and AI: wine authentication and identification

Enhancing the mineral wine profile: from authentication to identification by artificial intelligence for enhanced security. Analysis of a wine’s mineral concentration profile provides a distinctive fingerprint for each cuvée. Unlike organic profiles, this identification signature remains stable over time and can be deciphered using direct analysis by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (icp-ms).

“Q & A” of the european commission for labeling and desalcoholization for wines: european wine “soft-law”?

Recently, the European Commission seems to have inaugurated a new mechanism for regulating the wine sector. Through two communications, articulated in the form of “Questions & Answers”, concerning the new rules for labeling (24.11.2023) and dealcoholization of wine (15.01.2024), the Commission is not simply “explaining” the new rules but, in an approach close to the theory of “Circulaire Normative” established in comparative law, chooses among different interpretations and even adds Praeter Legem constraints.

Evolution of oak barrels C-glucosidic ellagitannins

During oak wood contact, wine undergoes important modifications that modulate its organoleptic quality and complexity, including its aroma, structure, astringency, bitterness and color. Vescalagin and castalagin are the two main C-glucosidic ellagitannins found in oak wood used for wine aging wood but lyxose/xylose derivatives (grandinin and roburin e) and dimeric forms (roburins a,b, c and d) are also present. The presence of several hydroxyl groups in the ortho-positions at the periphery of the structure of the ellagitannin isomers allows these molecules to undergo oxidation or condensation reactions with other compounds.