terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Application of cyclic voltammetry to the classification of enological tannins in relationship to oxygen consumption rate and botanical origin 

Application of cyclic voltammetry to the classification of enological tannins in relationship to oxygen consumption rate and botanical origin 

Abstract

Enological tannins are a diversified group of winemaking products that vary in several aspects such as chemical composition, botanical origin, and production method. In consideration of their richness in phenolic compounds, one of their main application in vinification is related to their antioxidant capacity, in particular their ability to consume oxygen during red wine maturation. Given the great diversity of compositional features of commercial tannins, there is a generalized interest towards the development of analytical approaches that can assist in correct classification of their chemical family (condensed or hydrolizable tannins), botanical origin (oak, grape skin, grape seeds, etc) as well as of enological properties such as oxygen consumption rate (ocr). Cyclic voltammetry (cv) has been previously proposed as a rapid and effective method for the analysis of phenolic compounds, although to date its applications to tannin analysis are limited. In the present study, ocr of 45 (14 from oak, 15 from grape and 15 from nut gall) commercial enological tannins was determined in red wine, whereas electrochemical features of the same samples were acquired using a cv method discriminant analysis was used for data analysis, allowing to identify the electrochemical features that characterized the three groups of tannins. Moreover, using machine learning models such as support vector machine (svm), it was found that the botanical origin of the tannins could be predicted with high accuracy based on their voltammograms. Indeed, the svm showed very highly performance on both the training set and the validation set (100% in both cases). Regarding ocr, the halving time of oxygen was chosen as the reference parameter. Here too, the svm demonstrated very high accuracy in ocr. The results indicate that cyclic voltammetry has the potential to discriminate between different types of enological tannins and to provide insights into their ability to consume dissolved oxygen.

Applicazione della voltammetria ciclica alla classificazione dei tannini enologici in relazione al tasso di consumo di ossigeno e all’origine botanica

I tannini enologici sono un gruppo diversificato di prodotti enologici che variano per diversi aspetti, come la composizione chimica, l’origine botanica e il metodo di produzione. In considerazione della loro ricchezza in composti fenolici, una delle loro principali applicazioni nella vinificazione è legata alla loro capacità antiossidante, in particolare alla loro capacità di consumare l’ossigeno durante la maturazione del vino rosso. Data la grande diversità delle caratteristiche compositive dei tannini commerciali, c’è un interesse generalizzato verso lo sviluppo di approcci analitici che possano aiutare a classificare correttamente la loro famiglia chimica (tannini condensati o idrolizzabili), l’origine botanica (quercia, buccia d’uva, semi d’uva, ecc.) E le proprietà enologiche come il tasso di consumo di ossigeno (ocr). La voltammetria ciclica (cv) è stata precedentemente proposta come metodo rapido ed efficace per l’analisi dei composti fenolici, anche se ad oggi le sue applicazioni all’analisi dei tannini sono limitate. Nel presente studio, l’ocr di 45 tannini enologici commerciali (14 da quercia, 15 da uva e 15 di galla) è stato determinato nel vino rosso, mentre le caratteristiche elettrochimiche degli stessi campioni sono state acquisite utilizzando un metodo cv per l’analisi dei dati è stata utilizzata l’analisi discriminante, che ha permesso di identificare le caratteristiche elettrochimiche che hanno caratterizzato i tre gruppi di tannini. Inoltre, utilizzando modelli di machine learning come la support vector machine (svm), si è riscontrato che l’origine botanica dei tannini poteva essere prevista con elevata accuratezza sulla base dei loro voltammogrammi. Infatti, la svm ha mostrato ottime  sia sul set di addestramento che su quello di validazione (100% in entrambi i casi). Per quanto riguarda l’ocr, è stato scelto come parametro di riferimento il tempo di dimezzamento dell’ossigeno. Anche in questo caso, la svm ha dimostrato un’accuratezza molto elevata nell’ocr. I risultati indicano che la voltammetria ciclica ha il potenziale di discriminare tra diversi tipi di tannini enologici e di fornire indicazioni sulla loro capacità di consumare ossigeno disciolto.

Application de la voltampérométrie cyclique à la classification des tanins œnologiques en fonction du taux de consommation d’oxygène et de l’origine botanique

Les tanins œnologiques constituent un groupe diversifié de produits vinicoles qui varient sous plusieurs aspects tels que la composition chimique, l’origine botanique et la méthode de production. Compte tenu de leur richesse en composés phénoliques, l’une de leurs principales applications en vinification est liée à leur capacité antioxydante, en particulier leur capacité à consommer de l’oxygène pendant la maturation du vin rouge. Etant donné la grande diversité des caractéristiques de composition des tanins commerciaux, il existe un intérêt généralisé pour le développement d’approches analytiques qui peuvent aider à une classification correcte de leur famille chimique (tanins condensés ou hydrolysables), de leur origine botanique (chêne, peau de raisin, pépins de raisin, etc.) Ainsi que de leurs propriétés œnologiques telles que le taux de consommation d’oxygène (ocr). La voltampérométrie cyclique (cv) a déjà été proposée comme une méthode rapide et efficace pour l’analyse des composés phénoliques, bien que ses applications à l’analyse des tanins soient limitées à ce jour. Dans la présente étude, la roc de 45 (14 de chêne, 15 de raisin et 15 de noix de galle) tanins œnologiques commerciaux a été déterminée dans le vin rouge, tandis que les caractéristiques électrochimiques des mêmes échantillons ont été acquises à l’aide d’une méthode cv l’analyse discriminante a été utilisée pour l’analyse des données, permettant d’identifier les caractéristiques électrochimiques qui caractérisent les trois groupes de tanins.en outre, l’utilisation de modèles d’apprentissage automatique tels que le support vector machine (svm) a permis de constater que l’origine botanique des tannins pouvait être prédite avec une grande précision sur la base de leurs voltammogrammes.en effet, le svm a montré des performances très élevées à la fois sur l’ensemble d’entraînement et sur l’ensemble de validation (100 % dans les deux cas). En ce qui concerne la roc, le temps de réduction de moitié de l’oxygène a été choisi comme paramètre de référence. Ici aussi, le svm a fait preuve d’une très grande précision dans la roc. Les résultats indiquent que la voltampérométrie cyclique a le potentiel de discriminer les différents types de tanins œnologiques et de fournir des informations sur leur capacité à consommer de l’oxygène dissous.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Rosario Pascale¹, Maurizio Ugliano¹, Davide Slaghenaufi¹, Giovanni Luzzini¹

¹ Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

The chances for using non-saccharomyces wine yeasts for a sustainable winemaking

Climate changes and the trend towards organic and more sustainable winemaking highlighted the need to use biological methodologies. The reduction in the use of SO2, the need of the reduction of ethanol content of wines and the now need to reduce or eliminate chemical phytosanitary products, have prompted the search for alternative practices.

Sustainability as system innovation: sustainability as system innovation: a returnable system for glass wine bottles

Introduction increasing sustainability is essential and a societal challenge, requiring fundamental changes in behaviour and attitudes. This applies to both producers and consumers. For the wine industry in particular, such a change is a major challenge. An eip-agri research project is evaluating the introduction of a returnable glass system in the german wine industry as a key solution for increasing sustainability. Given the need for change associated with a returnable system, the project is theoretically grounded in systems innovation, as this approach provides solutions for complex, transformative change.

Role of PH and its management during vinification on the extraction during maceration and on the evolution during ageing of the phenolic compounda of red wine

Climatic changes cause significant variations in the composition of grapes. for red grapes, a mismatch between phenolic and technological ripening is often observed. There is also often a marked increase in pH and a reduction in fixed acids, which affect the stability and evolution of the wine during ageing. These experiments will provide more information on the role of pH during the winemaking of red wines on the extraction and evolution of phenolic compounds.

Pierce’s disease of grapevines, a new threat to the wine industry in Southern Europe

Pierce’s disease (PD) is considered a potential threat to european viticulture (EPPO a2 list of pathogens since 1981). In the usa, infections caused by the vector-borne bacterium xylella fastidiosa have caused recurrent damage to vineyards in California and the southeastern states. However, vineyards in Europe have remained free of PD until recently, when it was first detected on the island of Mallorca in 2017. The reasons for the absence of PD in continental Europe have not been convincingly explained.

From vine to wine : a multi-trait experiment for increasing the varietal diversity in the bordeaux wine region. How to adapt to climate change without damaging terroir expression?

Context and purpose of the study climate change is impacting wine typicity across the globe, raising concerns in wine regions historically renowned for the quality of their terroir. Replacing some of the plant material can be an efficient lever for adapting to climate change. However, the change of cultivars also raises questions about the region’s wine typicity. This study, based on seven years of data, investigates the potential adaptability of over 50 different varieties in the bordeaux wine region.