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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Exploring the bioprotective potential of native non-saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking

Exploring the bioprotective potential of native non-saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking

Abstract

The use of the term bioprotection in winemaking refers to the use of non-chemical methods to prevent the development of undesirable microorganisms (yeasts and/or bacteria). The reason for studying this method is mainly as a natural alternative to the addition of sulfites during the pre-fermentation stages.  In winemaking, the addition of s02 has multiple functions, the main ones being antiseptic and antioxidant power. In this sense, the search for and selection of yeasts that have these capabilities and that do not present difficulties or defects during fermentation emerges as a natural alternative in line with the current trend of healthier beverages and foods due to a lower addition of chemical products. The aim of the present work is the selection of native non-saccharomyces yeasts from different grape varieties, belonging to the genera metschnikowia and pichia, because they are yeast genera reported for their potential character of bioprotection and biocontrol of grape musts. For this purpose, a first screening was carried out at laboratory scale, starting with a total of ten strains belonging to the species metschnikowia fructicola, seven strains belonging to the species pichia kudriavzevii and one strain pichia membranifaciens. The screening consisted of the study of fermentation capacity in a white must of the chardonnay variety, and subsequent sensory evaluation of the wines obtained once alcoholic fermentation was completed.  In this first stage, 7 strains were selected based on their fermentative capacity and absence of sensory defects, to proceed to the fermentation of mixed cultures with commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-saccharomyces cerevisiae reference yeasts with and without the addition of so2. In this way, the bioprotection potential against the natural microorganisms present in the grapes to be used was evaluated. The oxidation levels of the musts for each treatment were also evaluated using spectrophotometric techniques. The results obtained allowed the selection of strains capable of replacing the sulfites added during must clarification or pre-maceration in a more natural and environmentally friendly way.

Esplorazione del potenziale bioprotettivo dei lieviti autoctoni non-saccharomyces nella vinificazione

L’uso del termine bioprotezione nella vinificazione si riferisce all’impiego di metodi non chimici per prevenire lo sviluppo di microrganismi indesiderati (lieviti e/o batteri). Il motivo dello studio di questo metodo è principalmente un’alternativa naturale all’aggiunta di solfiti durante le fasi prefermentative.  Nella vinificazione, l’aggiunta di s02 ha molteplici funzioni, le principali delle quali sono il potere antisettico e antiossidante. In questo senso, la ricerca e la selezione di lieviti che abbiano queste capacità e che non presentino difficoltà o difetti durante la fermentazione emerge come un’alternativa naturale in linea con l’attuale tendenza verso bevande e alimenti più sani grazie alla minore aggiunta di prodotti chimici. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è la selezione di lieviti autoctoni non-saccharomyces da diverse varietà di uva, appartenenti ai generi metschnikowia e pichia, poiché questi generi di lieviti sono stati segnalati per il loro potenziale di bioprotezione e biocontrollo dei mosti d’uva. A tal fine, è stato effettuato un primo screening su scala di laboratorio, partendo da un totale di dieci ceppi appartenenti alla specie metschnikowia fructicola, sette ceppi appartenenti alla specie pichia kudriavzevii e un ceppo pichia membranifaciens. Lo screening è consistito nello studio della capacità fermentativa in un mosto bianco della varietà chardonnay e nella successiva valutazione sensoriale dei vini ottenuti dopo la fermentazione alcolica.  In questa prima fase, sono stati selezionati 7 ceppi in base alla loro capacità fermentativa e all’assenza di difetti sensoriali, per procedere alla fermentazione di colture miste con lieviti commerciali saccharomyces cerevisiae e lieviti di riferimento non saccharomyces con e senza l’aggiunta di so2. In questo modo è stato valutato il potenziale di bioprotezione nei confronti dei microrganismi naturali presenti nelle uve da utilizzare. I livelli di ossidazione dei mosti per ciascun trattamento sono stati valutati anche con tecniche spettrofotometriche. I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di selezionare ceppi in grado di sostituire i solfiti aggiunti durante la chiarificazione o la pre-macerazione dei mosti in modo più naturale ed ecologico.

Explorando el potencial bioprotector de levaduras nativas no-saccharomyces en la vinificación

El uso del término bioprotección en vinificación hace referencia al uso de métodos no químicos con el fin de prevenir el desarrollo de microorganismos no deseados (levaduras y/o bacterias). La razón por la cual se estudia este método es fundamentalmente como una alternativa natural al agregado de sulfitos durante las etapas pre-fermentativas.  En vinificación, el agregado de s02 tiene múltiples funciones, siendo las principales el poder antiséptico y antioxidante. En este sentido, la búsqueda y selección de levaduras que tengan estas capacidades y que no presenten dificultades ni defectos durante la fermentación surge como una alternativa natural en consonancia con la tendencia actual de bebidas y alimentos más saludables debido a un menor agregado de productos químicos. El presente trabajo, tiene como objetivo, la selección de levaduras nativas no-saccharomyces provenientes de diferentes variedades de uvas, y pertenecientes a los géneros metschnikowia y pichia, por tratarse de géneros de levaduras reportados por su carácter potencial de bioprotección y biocontrol de los mostos de uvas. Para esto se realizó un primer screening a escala de laboratorio, partiendo de un total de diez cepas pertenecientes a la especie metschnikowia fructicola, siete cepas pertenecientes a la especie pichia kudriavzevii y una cepa pichia membranifaciens. El screening consistió en el estudio de la capacidad fermentativa en un mosto blanco de la variedad chardonnay, y posterior evaluación sensorial de los vinos obtenidos una vez finalizada la fermentación alcohólica.  En esta primera etapa se seleccionaron 7 cepas basándonos en su capacidad fermentativa y ausencia de defectos sensoriales, para proceder a la fermentación de cultivos mixtos con levaduras saccharomyces cerevisiae comerciales y no-saccharomyces de referencia con y sin agregado de so2. De esta manera se evaluó el potencia de bioprotección frente a los microorganismos naturales presentes en la uva a utilizar. Así mismo, se evaluó los niveles de oxidación de los mostos para cada tratamiento mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron seleccionar cepas con capacidad de reemplazar los sulfitos añadidos durante la clarificación o pre-maceración de mostos de forma más natural y respetuosa con el medio ambiente.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Valentina Martín¹, Eduardo Boido¹, Belén Listur¹, Francisco Carrau¹, Karina Medina¹

¹ Área Enología y Biotecnología de Fermentaciones, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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