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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Economy and law 9 The Cognac industry: history, successes and challenges

The Cognac industry: history, successes and challenges

Abstract

The Cognac sector has shown remarkable resilience in the face of economic and commercial crises since the Second World War. Despite major challenges such as overproduction and commercial turbulence in the 1970s and 1990s, Cognac has maintained its position in international markets thanks to a solid reputation and an effective adaptation strategy. In 2023, the sector will face new challenges, including heavy dependence on the US and Chinese markets and growing trade tensions. A sharp drop in exports to the USA, due mainly to inflation and significant overstocking, combined with an ongoing anti-dumping investigation in China, threatens its main markets.

To ensure its long-term performance, the industry will need to focus on sustainable development initiatives, product innovation and market diversification. Efforts to reduce its carbon footprint, notably through more energy-efficient distillation processes, are part of a wider strategy to meet growing consumer demand for environmentally-friendly products. In addition, the rise of low-alcohol and alcohol-free alternatives represents an area of potential growth, as changing consumer habits in key markets drive the sector to adapt. Expanding into new regions and reducing dependence on a few dominant markets will be essential to overcome future uncertainties and sustain growth.

La filière cognac : histoire, succès et défis

Avec une consommation d’alcool en baisse continue, la popularité grandissante du dry january, un environnement concurrentiel féroce, une inflation importante des matières sèches, des perturbations économiques, des incertitudes commerciales… les filières viti-vinicoles doivent s’adapter et proposer des produits conformes aux attentes des consommateurs, tout en valorisant leur patrimoine unique. Le cognac a su concilier un mode de production pluri-centenaire avec le goût du consommateur du xxi siècle. En effet, la double distillation (dite « distillation charentaise », méthode inscrite aujourd’hui dans le cahier des charges de l’appellation), s’est développée en charente dès le xviiie siècle. Le cognac est également toujours élevé en fût. Le cognac, poussé par plus de 4000 viticulteurs, 120 bouilleurs de cru et 270 négociants  a su séduire les consommateurs notamment à l’export, grâce à une stratégie premium. Porté en grande partie par le marché américain, le succès du cognac s’est également étendu à d’autres régions du monde comme en chine, le second marché client. Le mode de consommation du cognac a également évolué avec le temps, et se tourne aujourd’hui en partie vers les cocktails dits « long drinks », adaptés aux goûts des consommateurs actuels (boisson rafraîchissante et moins concentrée en alcool). La filière cognac demeure toutefois soumise à des enjeux importants notamment en matière de durabilité. L’émission carbone ou encore  la protection de l’environnement sont aujourd’hui au cœur de la filière, avec le développement de solution comme la distillation bas carbone  ou encore l’objectif de certifier l’intégralité des surfaces du vignoble à l’horizon 2028  (notamment agriculture biologique et haute valeur environnementale). Le développement de la consommation de boissons désalcoolisées sera également un enjeu de taille pour la filière. La communication visera à mieux comprendre le succès du cognac, en étudiant notamment le développement à l’export important de ces dernières années et les facteurs clefs qui ont amené à ce succès. Elle traitera également des enjeux de durabilité auxquels est soumise la filière, et les solutions envisagées pour y répondre.

La industria del Cognac : historia, éxitos y retos

Con un consumo de alcohol en continuo descenso, la creciente popularidad del dry january, un entorno ferozmente competitivo, una importante inflación de los precios de la materia seca, convulsiones económicas e incertidumbres comerciales… La industria del vino tiene que adaptarse y ofrecer productos que respondan a las expectativas de los consumidores, sin perder de vista su patrimonio histórico único. El cognac ha sabido conciliar un método de producción centenario con los gustos del consumidor del siglo xxi. La doble destilación (conocida como “destilación charentaise”, un método ahora incluido en el pliego de condiciones de la denominación) se desarrolla en la charente desde el siglo xviii. El cognac también sigue madurando en barricas. Impulsado por más de 4.000 viticultores, 120 destiladores y 270 comerciantes, el cognac ha conquistado a los consumidores, sobre todo en el mercado de exportación, gracias a su estrategia premium. Impulsado en gran medida por el mercado estadounidense, el éxito del cognac se ha extendido también a otras partes del mundo, como china, nuestro segundo mercado de clientes. La forma de consumir el cognac también ha evolucionado con el tiempo, y ahora se orienta en parte hacia los cócteles de “trago largo”, que se adaptan mejor a los gustos de los consumidores actuales (bebidas refrescantes con menor graduación alcohólica). Sin embargo, el sector del cognac sigue enfrentándose a grandes retos, sobre todo en términos de sostenibilidad. Las emisiones de carbono y la protección del medio ambiente están ahora en el centro de la industria, con el desarrollo de soluciones como la destilación baja en carbono y el objetivo de certificar todos los viñedos para 2028 (en particular la agricultura ecológica y de alto valor medioambiental). El desarrollo del consumo de bebidas desalcoholizadas también será un reto importante para la industria. La comunicación tratará de comprender mejor el éxito del cognac, en particular examinando el importante crecimiento de las exportaciones en los últimos años y los factores clave que lo han propiciado. También examinará los problemas de sostenibilidad a los que se enfrenta la industria y las soluciones previstas para abordarlos.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Nans Brochart¹

¹ FranceAgriMer – France

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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