 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Measurement of trans-membrane and trans-tissue voltages in the Shiraz berry mesocarp

Measurement of trans-membrane and trans-tissue voltages in the Shiraz berry mesocarp

Abstract

AIM: In mid to late ripening, sugar and potassium (K+) accumulation into the berry slows and is eventually completed1. K+ is the most abundant cation in the berry, undertaking important physiological roles. During late ripening, Shiraz mesocarp cells die within the central region of the berry. The cessation of K+ import may be a contributing factor to this loss in cell vitality. Many K+ trans-membrane transporters and channels are regulated by the membrane voltage (Vm). We thus measured trans-membrane voltage (Vm) and trans-tissue voltages (Vt) in the mesocarp during Shiraz berry development.

METHODS: Vm measurement Shiraz berries, grown in Coombe vineyard at the University of Adelaide, were sampled weekly from the completion of véraison to the late-ripening stage. To assess Vm, the microelectrode was inserted through the berry skin and into mesocarp. During injection, voltage signals and the corresponding depths of the micropipette tip were recorded. Vt measurement The Vt was measured by a similar method described above without micropipette injection. A small piece of skin was removed, allowing the measurement of Vt from the pedicel to the mesocarp surface. Living berries and dead berries from véraison and late-ripening stage were used. Dead berries were measured after freezing overnight followed by thawing.

RESULTS: Vm The voltages became less negative with increasing tissue depth. This may be attributed to the more severe hypoxia within deeper regions of the berry2. Voltage responses were detected in both living berries and dead berries in the late-ripening stage, with similar profiles. This indicates that other structures or factors contributed to the voltage detected by this method. Vt In living berries, the Vt values were more negative in véraison berries than those in late-ripening berries. This trend was not observed in dead berries. There was no significant difference between the Vt values measured from living berries and dead berries in late-ripening stage.

CONCLUSIONS

The uneven distribution of the Vm between berry compartments may be correlated with oxygen concentration, which could impact on K+ transport within berries. The declined Vm and Vt in the late ripening berries could be associated with the cessation of K+ import into berries.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Yin Liu

National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia,Suzy ROGIERS (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia) Leigh SCHMIDTKE (National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia) Stephen TYERMAN (School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia)

Contact the author

Keywords

grape berry ripening, microelectrode, voltage, mesocarp

Citation

Legacy of land-cover changes on soil erosion and microbiology in Burgundian vineyards

Soils in vineyards are recognized as complex agrosystems whose characteristics reflect complex interactions between natural factors (lithology, climate, slope, biodiversity) and human activities. To date, most of the unknown lies in an incomplete understanding of soil ecosystems, and specifically in the microbial biodiversity even though soil microbiota is involved in many key functions, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Soil biological properties are indicative of soil quality. Therefore, understanding how soil communities are related to soil ecosystem functioning is becoming an essential issue for soil strategy conservation. Here, we propose to assess the importance of land-cover history on the present-day microbiological and physico-chemical properties. The studied area was selected in the Burgundian vineyards (Pernand-Vergelesses, Burgundy, France) where land occupation has been reconstructed over the last 40 years. Soil samples were collected in five areas reflecting various land cover history (forest, vineyards, shifting from forest to vineyards). For each area, physico-chemical parameters (pH, C, N, P, grain size) were measured and DNA was extracted to characterize the abundance and diversity of microbial communities. The obtained results show significant differences in the five areas suggesting that present-day microbial molecular biomass and bacterial taxonomic is partly inherited from past land occupation. Over longer period of time, such study of land-uses legacies may help to better assess ecosystem recovery and the impact of management practices for a better soil quality and vineyards sustainability.

Climate projections over France wine-growing region and its potential impact on phenology

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De novo Vitis champinii whole genome assembly allows rootstock-specific identification of potential candidate genes for drought and salt tolerance

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Use of multispectral satellite for monitoring vine water status in mediterranean areas

The development of new generations of multispectral satellites such as Sentinel-2 opens possibilities as to vine water status assessment (Cohen et al., 2019). Based on a three years field campaign, a model of Stem Water Potential (SWP) estimation on vine using four satellite bands in Red, Red-Edge, NIR and SWIR domains was developed (Laroche-Pinel et al., 2021). The model relies on SWP field measures done using a pressure chamber (Scholander et al., 1965), which is a common, robust and precise method to assess vine water status (Acevedo-Opazo et al., 2008). The model was mainly developed from from SWP measures on Syrah N (Laroche Pinel E., 2021).

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The effects of alternative herbicide free cover cropping systems on soil health, vine performance, berry quality and vineyard biodiversity in a climate change scenario in Switzerland

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