 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Sensory and chemical phenotyping of wines from a F1 grapevine population

Sensory and chemical phenotyping of wines from a F1 grapevine population

Abstract

The European Green Deal, a concept of the European Commission, aims at the reduction of pesticides in EU agriculture for 2030 by 50%. Viticulture uses the largest amounts of fungicides in the EU, compared to other crops such as grains. In order to achieve the ambitious target of 50% pesticide reduction in viticulture, the increased cultivation of new pathogen-resistant grape varieties is indispensable. New pathogen-resistant grape varieties, which have been selected for their high quality potential, allow up to 80% less fungicide use. These varieties are therefore an important building block in the transformation process to more sustainable viticulture. The project Predictive Breeding for Wine Quality »SelWineQ« (Select Wine Quality) focuses on the development of robust predictive models for the genetic quality potential (GQP) of grapevine varieties during the breeding process based on sensory, metabolomic, and genomic data. Predictive models for wine quality traits will considerably increase the efficiency of grapevine breeding. The centerpiece of the “SelWineQ” project is an F1 breeding population of Calardis Musqué and Villiard blanc consisting of 150 genotypes (8 vines each). Over three vintages experimental wines of each genotype were made. Every year a professional trained panel evaluated the wines of all genotypes. This sensory evaluation forms a broad data basis for modeling sensory quality traits from genetic and metabolic data. One of the most important results from the sensory evaluation is the “Total Quality Score”, a sum parameter for the olfactory and gustatory total quality of the wines. This quality parameter was found to be constant for the best and worst wines of the breeding population over several years. Thus, the best and worst wines could be reproducibly identified. This result shows, besides an excellent panel performance, that the quality potential is mainly determined by the genetic properties of the plants and that environmental influences (different vintages) are less important. The combination of analytical data and data from the sensory evaluation facilitated the identification of linalool and cis-rose oxide (among other terpenoids) as molecular quality markers. These aroma-active compounds were present in the best evaluated wines far above their olfactory threshold and showed a high correlation (r > 0.7 Pearson) with the attribute “floral”. Moreover, metabolomic data from non-targeted LC-HRMS and GC-MS analysis allowed predictions of the best and worst genotypes from one to the other vintage (model building on one vintage, validation on another vintage). These findings form a solid base for the development, improvement and validation of predictive models based on genetic data. A novel genotyping by sequencing approach lead to a full informative genetic map of the breeding population based on SNP markers.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Jochen Vestner

Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, DLR Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany. ,Ulrich Fischer, Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, DLR Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany.

Contact the author

Keywords

pathogen-resistant, grape varieties ,molecular markers, genetics, sensory, aroma, breeding

Citation

Legacy of land-cover changes on soil erosion and microbiology in Burgundian vineyards

Soils in vineyards are recognized as complex agrosystems whose characteristics reflect complex interactions between natural factors (lithology, climate, slope, biodiversity) and human activities. To date, most of the unknown lies in an incomplete understanding of soil ecosystems, and specifically in the microbial biodiversity even though soil microbiota is involved in many key functions, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Soil biological properties are indicative of soil quality. Therefore, understanding how soil communities are related to soil ecosystem functioning is becoming an essential issue for soil strategy conservation. Here, we propose to assess the importance of land-cover history on the present-day microbiological and physico-chemical properties. The studied area was selected in the Burgundian vineyards (Pernand-Vergelesses, Burgundy, France) where land occupation has been reconstructed over the last 40 years. Soil samples were collected in five areas reflecting various land cover history (forest, vineyards, shifting from forest to vineyards). For each area, physico-chemical parameters (pH, C, N, P, grain size) were measured and DNA was extracted to characterize the abundance and diversity of microbial communities. The obtained results show significant differences in the five areas suggesting that present-day microbial molecular biomass and bacterial taxonomic is partly inherited from past land occupation. Over longer period of time, such study of land-uses legacies may help to better assess ecosystem recovery and the impact of management practices for a better soil quality and vineyards sustainability.

‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.) berry skin flavonol and anthocyanin composition is affected by trellis systems and applied water amounts

Trellis systems are selected in wine grape vineyards to mainly maximize vineyard yield and maintain berry quality. This study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate six commonly utilized trellis systems including a vertical shoot positioning (VSP), two relaxed VSPs (VSP60 and VSP80), a single high wire (SH), a high quadrilateral (HQ), and a guyot (GY), combined with three levels of irrigation regimes based on different crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacements, including a 25% ETc, 50% ETc, and 100% ETc. The results indicated SH yielded the most fruits and accumulated the most total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest in 2020, however, it showed the lowest TSS in the second season. In 2020, SH and HQ showed higher concentrations in most of the anthocyanin derivatives compared to the VSPs. Similar comparisons were noticed in 2021 as well. SH and HQ also accumulated more flavonols in both years compared to other trellis systems. Overall, this study provides information on the efficacy of trellis systems on grapevine yield and berry flavonoid accumulation in a currently warming climate.

Climate, Viticulture, and Wine … my how things have changed!

The planet is warmer than at any time in our recorded past and increasing greenhouse emissions and persistence in the climate system means that continued warming is highly likely. Climate change has already altered the basic framework of growing grapes for wine production worldwide and will likely continue to do so for years to come. The wine sector can continue to play an important role in leading the agricultural sector in addressing climate change. From developing on…

Adaptability of grapevines to climate change: characterization of phenology and sugar accumulation of 50 varieties, under hot climate conditions

Climate is the major factor influencing the dynamics of the vegetative cycle and can determine the timing of phenological periods. Knowledge of the phenology of varieties, their chronological duration, and thermal requirements, allows not only for the better management of interventions in the vineyard, but also to predict the varieties’ behaviour in a scenario of climate change, giving the wine producer the possibility of selecting the grape varieties that are best adapted to the climatic conditions of a certain terroir. In 2014, Symington Family Estates, Vinhos, established two grape variety libraries in two different places with distinctive climate conditions (Douro Superior, and Cima Corgo), with the commitment of contributing to a deeper agronomic and oenological understanding of some grape varieties, in hot climate conditions. In these research vineyards are represented local varieties that are important in the regional and national viticulture, but also others that have over time been forgotten — as well as five international reference cultivars. From 2017 to 2021, phenological observations have been made three times a week, following a defined protocol, to determine the average dates of budbreak, flowering and veraison. With the climate data of each location, the thermal requirements of each variety and the chronological duration of each phase have been calculated. During maturation, berry samples have been gathered weekly to study the dynamics of sugar accumulation, between other parameters. The data was analysed applying phenological and sugar accumulation models available in literature. The results obtained show significant differences between the varieties over several parameters, from the chronological duration and thermal requirements to complete the various stages of development, to the differences between the two locations, confirming the influence of the climate on phenology and the stages of maturation, in these specific conditions.

Local adaptation tools to ensure the viticultural sustainability in a changing climate

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...