 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Targeted UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS metabolomics for phenol identification in grapevine and wine: study of a Tempranillo clone with a dark-blue berry colour

Targeted UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS metabolomics for phenol identification in grapevine and wine: study of a Tempranillo clone with a dark-blue berry colour

Abstract

Grapevine vegetative multiplication allows the accumulation of spontaneous mutations and increase intra-cultivar genetic diversity that can be exploited to maintain grape wine quality, tipicity and adaptation to different climate conditions. Non-volatile phenolic compounds are intrinsic components of grape fruits and derived products, particularly wine. They constitute a heterogeneous family of compounds and play an important role on the sensorial attributes of wine because they are responsible for some of important organoleptic properties as colour, flavour, bitterness and astringency. In the present study, we used a targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) to study the anthocyanin and non-coloured phenol profiles of a singular Tempranillo clone (Tempranillo negro or VN21), characterized by a dark-blue color in grape berry skin, as compared to RJ43, one of the most cultivated clones in D.O.Ca. Rioja (Spain). In addition, we investigated differences between VN21 and RJ43 clones, in the phenolic transference from grape to wine at different phases of the winemaking process. The results showed that anthocyanin and non-colored phenol content was higher in VN21 grape skin and seeds than in RJ43. With respect to anthocyanins, the singular color of grape skin in VN21 could be explained by higher concentrations of peonidin and cyanidin derivatives. Regarding non-colored phenols, the main differences were observed for proanthocyanidins and stilbenes concentration in grape skin and more importantly in seeds. Those content differences observed in berries were enhanced in the VN21 wines, displaying significantly higher concentrations of anthocyanins, as well as significantly increased contents of mainly proanthocyanidins and stilbenes. The results manifest the importance of intra-cultivar genetic diversity to obtain red wines with a high phenolic content, responsible of key quality aspects of the wine such as organoleptic properties, stability, complexity and health benefits. Moreover, this study exemplifies how spontaneous somatic variation can be used through grapevine clonal selection combining metabolomic analyses.

FUNDING SOURCES

This work was partially supported by project BIO2017-86375-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (co-funded by the European Social Fund, European Union); YF was supported by a grant from Government of La Rioja; M.J. Motilva thanks to CSIC for partial funding through the “Ayudas incorporación a escalas científicas CSIC, 2018” (Reference 201870I129).

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Yolanda Ferradás

Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20 – salida 13). 26007 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain,Carolina ROYO, José Miguel MARTÍNEZ-ZAPATER and María José MOTILVA Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20 – salida 13). 26007 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain

Contact the author

Keywords

anthocyanins, berry phenolic composition, wine phenolic composition, somatic variation, grapevine, phenolic compounds, stilbenes, tempranillo

Citation

Correlation between stable isotopic composition of the fungus aspergillus niger and its growth substrate and the extracted chitin

Wine is one of the most consumed and appreciated beverages in the world. Due to the growing attention paid to consumer health, there is a continuous search for sustainable alternatives to common additives (such as sulfur dioxide) used to preserve wine. An example is represented by chitosan, the main derivative of chitin, approved for the treatment of must and wine since 2009 by the “international organization of vine and wine” (OIV/OENO 338a/2009) and by the european commission (EC Reg. No. 606/2009).

The key role of vineyard parcel in modifying flavor compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes

To produce premium wines in a specific region is the goal of local oenologists. This study aimed to investigate the influence of soil properties on the flavoromics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to provide a better insight into single-vineyard wines. Six commercial Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards were selected in the Manas region to collect berries at three harvest ripeness in three seasons (2019–2021). The six vineyards had little difference in mesoclimate conditions while varying greatly in soil composition.

Current climate change in the Oplenac wine-growing district (Serbia)

Serbian autochthonous vine varieties Smederevka (for white wines) and Prokupac (for rosé and red wines) are the primary representatives of typical characteristics of wines and terroir of numerous wine-growing areas in Serbia. In the past, these varieties were the leading vine varieties, however, as the result of globalization of winemaking and the trend of consumption of wines from widely prevalent vine varieties, they were replaced by introduced international varieties. Smederevka and Prokupac vine varieties are characterized by later time of grape ripening, and relative sensitivity to low temperatures. Climate conditions can be a restrictive factor for production of high-quality grapes and wine and for the spatial spreading of these varieties in hilly continental wine-growing areas.
This paper focuses on the spatial analysis of changes of main climate parameters, in particular, analysis of viticultural bioclimatic indices that were determined for the purposes of viticulture zoning of wine-growing areas in the period 1961-2010, and those same parameters determined for the current, that is, referential climate period (1988-2017). Results of the research, that is, analysis of climate changes indicate that the majority of examined climate parameters in the Oplenac wine-growing district improved from the perspective of Smederevka and Prokupac vine varieties. These studies of climate conditions indicate that changes of analyzed climate parameters, that is, bioclimatic indices will be favorable for cultivation of varieties with later grape ripening times and those more sensitive to low temperatures, such as the autochthonous vine varieties Smederevka and Prokupac, therefore, it is recommended to producers to more actively plant vineyards with these varieties in the territory of the Oplenac wine-growing district.

Oenological performances of new white grape varieties

The wine industry works to minimize pesticides and adapt to climate change. Breeding programs have developed disease-resistant grape varieties, particularly against downy and powdery mildew, to minimize pesticide applications [1]. However, their enological potential remains underexplored.

FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA IS A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO BENTONITE FOR WINE PROTEIN STABILIZATION

The presence of grape-derived heat unstable proteins can lead to haze formation in white wines [1], an instability prevented by removing these proteins by adding bentonite, a hydrated aluminum silicate that interacts electrostatically with wine proteins leading to their flocculation. Despite effective, using bentonite has several drawbacks as the costs associated with its use, the potential negative effects on wine quality, and its environmental impact, so that alternative solutions are needed.