Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Impact of cover crop in vineyard on the musts volatile profile of Vitis vinifera L. Cv Syrah

Impact of cover crop in vineyard on the musts volatile profile of Vitis vinifera L. Cv Syrah

Abstract

Grape aromatic characteristics are very important for the production of quality wines. The concentrations of volatile compounds in grape berries from vines with cover crops have been scarcely studied. For this reason, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of “Zulla” cover crop on the volatile profiles of organically grown Shyraz variety grapes. For this purpose, volatile profiles of grapes obtained from vines with three different amount of cover crop (one line, two lines and four lines) and without cover crop, over two harvests (2019 and 2020) were determined. The grape samples came from Jerez a warm climate zone. Must volatile compounds were determined by sequential sorptive extraction with Twisters by immersion (SBSE) and headspace (HSSE), followed by GC-MS analysis [1]. A total of 159 compounds were determined and, most of them were influenced by the presence of cover crop. The amount of methyl ester was directly correlated with the amount of “Zulla” cover crop. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 grouped the samples according harvest and PC2 according to amount of cover crop, separating clearly the samples obtained without cover crop, in both harvests. It was observed a reduction of free volatile compounds when the amount of cover crop applied increased, in both harvests. Then, cover crop had an effect over volatile profile of Shyraz grapes.

DOI:

Publication date: September 7, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Eva Valero

Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,F. Arranz, Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville. Spain. B. Puertas, Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training Institute (IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced. 11407, Jerez de la Fra. Spain. M.L. Morales, Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville. Spain

Contact the author

Keywords

zulla cover crop, free volatile compounds, ecological crop

Citation

Related articles…

Is complex nutrition more advantageous than mineral nitrogen for the fermentative capacities of S. cerevisiae?

During alcoholic fermentation, nitrogen is an essential nutrient for yeast as it plays a key role in sugar transport and biosynthesis of wine aromatic compounds (thiols, esters, higher alcohols). The main issue of a lack in yeast assimilable nitrogen (yan) in winemaking is sluggish or stuck fermentations promoting the growth of alteration species which may lead to economic losses. However, correcting this nitrogen deficiency is sometimes not enough to restore proper fermentation performance. This suggests the existence of other nutritional shortages.

Le terre dei Lambruschi modenesi

La superficie vitata della provincia di Modena é per circa il 70% interessata dai Lambruschi, famiglia di vitigni tipica dei territori pianeggianti emiliani. Tra questi, i più rappresentativi sono il Lambrusco di Sorbara, il Lambrusco salamino e il Lambrusco grasparossa che, unico esempio, predilige gli ambienti collinari della provincia. Nel quinquennio 2001-2005 la Provincia di Modena ed il C.R.P.V. hanno coordinato la zonazione viticola di tutto il territorio dei Lambruschi modenesi, i cui risultati hanno consentito di individuare, in ciascuna zona D.O.C., alcune Terre in cui cias.

Comparison of various storage conditions to preserve polyphenols in red-grape pomace

Red grape pomace, a waste from wine production, can be valorised by extracting polyphenols, high-added value compounds used in cosmetics or oenology. For use at an industrial level, using green extraction techniques, pomace need to be stored before being processed. The aim of this study is to test various storage conditions in order to maintain high level of polyphenols over 180 days, while keeping storage cost economically interesting. In a first step, different storage conditions (ambient temperature or cooled (4°C) temperature, anaerobic (saturation with N2) or aerobic conditions, and addition of sulphur dioxide (SO2)) were compared on small samples (1 kg) packed in plastic pockets. The quality of storage was assessed by following the optical density of the pomace extract at 280 nm (DO 280 expressed as mg/l eq gallic acid), which is an indication of the amount of remaining extractable polyphenols.

Effects of organic mulches on the soil environment and yield of grapevine

Farming management practices aiming at conserving soil moisture have been developed in arid and semiarid-areas facing water scarcity problems. Organic mulching is an effective method to manipulate the crop-growing microclimate increasing crop yield by controlling soil temperature, and retaining soil moisture by reducing soil evaporation. In this sense, the effectiveness of different organic mulching materials (straw mulch and grapevine pruning debris) applied within the row of a vineyard was evaluated on the soil and on the vine in a Tempranillo vineyard located in La Rioja (Spain). Organic mulches were compared with a traditional bare soil management technique (based on the use of herbicides to avoid weed incidence). Mulching coverages favourably influenced the soil water retention throughout all the grapevine vegetative cycle. However, the soil-moisture variation was not the same under different mulching materials, being the straw mulch (SM) the one that retained more water in comparison with grapevine pruning debris (GPD) based-cover. The changes of soil moisture in the upper surface layer (0–10 cm) were highly dynamic, probably due to water vapour fluxes across the soil-atmospheric interface. However, both, SM and GPD reduced these fluctuations as compared with bare soils. A similar trend occurred with soil temperature. Both organic mulches altered soil temperature in comparison with bare soil by reducing soil temperature in summer and raising it in winter. Moreover, the same buffering effect for the temperature on the covered soil also remains in the deeper layers. To conclude, we could see that organic mulching had a positive impact on soil-moisture storage and soil temperature and the extent of this effect depends on the type of mulching materials. These changes led to higher rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity compared to bare soils, also favouring crop growth and grape yields.

Eugenol:  a new marker of hybrid vines? The case study of Baco Blanc in Armagnac

Nowadays, winemaking is dealing with great challenges, notably climate change, disease resistance and low pesticide inputs, desire for more sustainable agricultural productions and permanent changing of consumer preference. Trying to propose practice improvements, scientists are exploring vine hybridization a paradoxically old but still actual way to take up such challenges