 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Determination of quality related polyphenols in chilean wines by absorbance-transmission and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (a-teem) analyses

Determination of quality related polyphenols in chilean wines by absorbance-transmission and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (a-teem) analyses

Abstract

Phenolic composition is essential to wine quality (Cleary et al., 2015; Bindon et al., 2020; Niimi et al., 2020) and its assessment is a strong industrial need to quality management. Objective of this work was to develop a rapid analysis method using the Absorbance-Transmission and fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix (A-TEEM) technique. Polyphenols exhibit characteristic and high fluorescence quantum yields, which makes them highly suitable for this technique. The method’s automatic real-time Inner Filter Effect (IFE) correction allows the quantification of minor compounds (Gilmore et al., 2016). IFE-corrected fluorescence EEM data and the absorbance data were combined, and the spectral data were regressed against the concentrations of 34 anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, tannins, polymeric pigments, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids measured independently by HPLC-DAD and UV-vis. The study focused on comparing Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Extreme Gradient Boost Regression (XGBR) for the single- (fluorescence EEM or absorbance) and multi- (combined) block data. The calibration set comprised 1133 files acquired from 126 diverse experimental and commercial wines. Validation was carried out on two data sets, first by a 14% randomized sample split from the calibration data keeping instrument replicates together, and thereafter by another independent set of 96 files from 16 wines. As a general trend, validation of the multi-block data models with independent data using XGBR, compared to PLSR, yielded higher prediction correlation coefficients (R2P) and lower Root Mean Square Errors for Prediction (RMSEP). Considering all 34 compound fits, mean R2P of 0.947 with XGBR and of 0.899 with PLSR were obtained. The highest fits were obtained for compounds of the anthocyanin family with mean R2P of 0.974 (XGBR) and 0.954 (PLSR), respectively, while lower fits were found for flavan-3-oles with R2P of 0.878 (XGBR) and 0.771 (PLSR), indicating compound effects due to extraction and chromatographic and spectral analysis methods affecting repeatability and quantification limits. In general, precise model fits were found for compounds > 10 mg/L with R2P between 0.929 and 0.992 (XGBR) and between 0.875 and 0.992 (PLSR). Supplementary, all individual compounds could be identified according to their family by spectral fingerprints. However, these multi-block data sets were also associated with significantly higher R2P (and lower RMSEP) compared to a single block evaluation of the fluorescence EEM or absorbance data only. By using mean-centering and an Extended Mixture Model filter the multi-block data sets fit robustly using both XGBR and PLSR without the need to apply secondary variable selection algorithms. We conclude that analyzing the A-TEEM data using the multi-block organization and the XGBR algorithm facilitates a robust prediction of the key phenolic compound concentrations that strongly influence the Chilean wine quality.

DOI:

Publication date: September 7, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Doreen Schober

Center for Research and Innovation, Viña Concha y Toro, Ruta k-650 km 10, Pencahue, Región de Maule, Chile,Adam Gilmore, HORIBA Instruments Inc. 20 Knightsbridge Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Jorge Zincker, Center for Research and Innovation, Viña Concha y Toro, Ruta k-650 km 10, Pencahue, Región de Maule, Chile Alvaro Gonzalez, Center for Research and Innovation, Viña Concha y Toro, Ruta k-650 km 10, Pencahue, Región de Maule, Chile

Contact the author

Keywords

quality, polyphenols, spectroscopy, a-teem, wine, machine learning

Citation

Vineyards and clay minerals: multi-technique analytical approach and correlations with soil properties

Purpose of this research is to quantitatively assess the mineral component of vineyard soils, with particular attention to the mineralogical analysis of clays, which represent an element of high importance in the vineyard culture as well as in general agriculture. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) / thermogravimetric (TG) multi-technique analytical approach was developed, tested on soil samples taken from vineyards around the world. This codified analytical procedure was necessary to obtain precise qualitative and quantitative mineralogical data, globally comparable to distinguish the geopedological identity of the vineyards. Soil samples from vineyards of various locations were analysed, in very different geological conditions. The bulk-rock quantitative phase analysis (QPA) was obtained by the Rietveld method while the detailed composition of the clay-sized fraction was determined by modelling of the oriented X-ray diffraction patterns. The research provided a precise classification of the mineral component of soils, distinguishing the mineral phases of the clays and the so-called mixed-layer clay minerals. We found that the content in mixed layers can be directly correlated with the water retention and the cation exchange capacity of the soil, while the presence of other clayey minerals and phyllosilicates in this research did not affect this CEC parameter, which codes the fertility level of the soils. The study demonstrates that terroir, in particular soils formed in complex or very different geological conditions, can only be effectively interpreted by properly analysing its mineral phases, in particular the mixed-layer clay component. These are characteristic abiotic ecological indicators, which may have specific eco-physiological influences on the plant.

Grapevine yield-gap: identification of environmental limitations by soil and climate zoning in Languedoc-Roussillon region (south of France)

Grapevine yield has been historically overlooked, assuming a strong trade-off between grape yield and wine quality. At present, menaced by climate change, many vineyards in Southern France are far from the quality label threshold, becoming grapevine yield-gaps a major subject of concern. Although yield-gaps are well studied in arable crops, we know very little about grapevine yield-gaps. In the present study, we analysed the environmental component of grapevine yield-gaps linked to climate and soil resources in the Languedoc Roussillon. We used SAFRAN data and IGP Pays d’Oc wine yields from 2010 to 2018. We selected climate and soil indicators proving to have a significant effect on average wine yield-gaps at the municipality scale. The most significant factors of grapevine yield were the Soil Available Water Capacity; followed by the Huglin Index and the Climatic Dryness Index. The Days of Frost; the Soil pH; and the Very Hot Days were also significant. Then, we clustered geographical zones presenting similar indicators, facilitating the identification of resources yield-gaps. We discussed the number of zones with the experts of IGP Pays d’Oc label, obtaining 7 zones with similar limitations for grapevine yield. Finally, we analysed the main resources causing yield-gaps and the grapevine varieties planted on each zone. Mapping grapevine resource yield-gaps are the first stage for understanding grapevine yield-gaps at the regional scale.

Spatial determination of areas in the Western Balkans region favorable for organic production

In problematic conditions for production of grapes and wine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting occurrence of wine surpluses, producers are increasingly turning to the innovative viticulture and winemaking of products that are more appealing to the market and the consumers. On the other hand, consumption of the food safety or organic products, and therefore of organic grapes and wine, is increasingly common in the world, in particular in Europe. The Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG RRD), as a regional intergovernmental organization gathers actors in the viticulture and winemaking sector from states and territories of the Western Balkans (South-East Europe) in the Expert Working Group for Wine, with the aim of improving viticulture and winemaking in this region through joint activities. In accordance with the aforementioned, the SWG RRD is working on advancing organic production of grapes and wine, and on recognition of specificities of the terroir of wine-growing areas in Western Balkans. In addition, as part of the project “Facilitation of Exchange and Advice on Wine Regulations in Western Balkan Countries” helmed by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, in addition to harmonization of relevant legislation with EU regulations, efforts are being invested towards recognition of organic wines. Within activities and project implemented by this organization, expert analyses and scientific research of the terroir of Western Balkans were carried out, and some of the results are presented in this paper.

Investigating the impact of grape exposure and UV radiations on rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. Tardif grapes under field trial conditions

Rotundone is the main aroma compound responsible for peppery notes in wines whose biosynthesis is negatively affected by heat and drought. Through the alteration of precipitation regime and the increase in temperature during maturation, climate change is expected to affect wine peppery typicality. In this context there is a demand for developing sustainable viticultural strategies to enhance rotundone accumulation or limit its degradation. It was recently proposed that ultraviolet (UV) radiations could stimulate rotundone production. The aim of this study was to investigate under field trial conditions the impact of grape exposure and UV treatments on rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. Tardif, an almost extinct grape variety from south-west France that can express particularly high rotundone levels. Four different treatments were compared in 2021 to a control treatment using a randomised complete block design with three replications per treatment. Grape exposure was manipulated through early or late defoliation. Leaf and laterals shoots were removed at Eichorn Lorenz growth stages 32 or 34 on the morning-sun side of the canopy. During grape maturation, UV radiations were either reduced by 99% by installing UV radiation-shielding sheets, or applied four times using the Boxilumix™ non thermal device (Asclepios Tech, Tournefeuille) with the aim of activating plant signalling pathway. Loggers displayed in solar radiation shields were used to assess the effect of such shielding sheets on air temperature within the bunch zone. The composition of grapes subjected to these treatments will be soon analysed for their rotundone content and basic classical laboratory analyses. Grapes will be harvested to elaborate wines under standardized small-scale vinification conditions (60kg) that will be assessed by a trained sensory panel.

Local adaptation tools to ensure the viticultural sustainability in a changing climate

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...