Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Kinetic investigations of the sulfite addition on flavanols

Kinetic investigations of the sulfite addition on flavanols

Abstract

Sulfonated monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols are recently discovered in wine and proved to have great importance in understanding wine chemistry and quality [1, 2]. Since the mechanism of their formation is still unknown, the aim of this work was to investigate the behaviour of wine monomeric and oligomeric and polymeric flavanols in the presence of SO2, through the evaluation of the kinetic parameters of the monomeric and dimeric flavanols sulfonation at the wine pH.The experimental design considered two different pH (3 and 4) and at five different temperature values (23, 30, 40, 50 and 60 oC), in order to study the reaction products obtained by SO2 addition to both monomeric (epicatechin and catechin) and dimeric flavanols (procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3). The quantitative measurements were carried out by using a UHPLC-QTOF-MS instrument. The results demonstrated that [3]:a) the major sulfonation route that leads quickly and in good yields to monomeric 4β-sulfonated derivatives passes through the acid-catalysed depolymerisation of proanthocyanidins; b) monomeric flavanols lead with a significantly slower process to the same 4β-sulfonated products; c) kinetic data in our hands, in particular the temperature dependence of the observed rates, suggest the involvement of two completely different reaction mechanisms for the SO2 addition to dimeric and monomeric flavanol substrates; d) the direct sulfonation of epicatechin is slightly faster with respect to catechin.In conclusion, this new knowledge provides essential information in order to better understand tannin chemistry in food and predict or model the chemical/sensorial behaviour of wine or other food rich in proanthocyanidins.

DOI:

Publication date: September 10, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Panagiotis Arapitsas 1, Federico BONALDO 2, Fulvio MATTIVI 2, Graziano GUELLA 2

1 Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
2 University of Trento, Trento, Italy.

Contact the author

Keywords

proanthocyanidins; tannins; sulfonation

Citation

Related articles…

Distribution and associated symptoms of grapevine trunk pathogens in South Africa

In recent studies, several grapevine trunk pathogen complexes have been identified from grapevines in South Africa. These pathogens include Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium sp., Botryosphaeria sp. and Phomopsis sp. Trunk diseases lead to reduced yield, and grape quality as well as a decline

Read More

Global warming effects on grape growing climate zones within the Rioja Appllation (DOCa Rioja) in north Spain

Aims: The aims of this work were (1) to assess the changes in some of the main bioclimatic indices used for climate viticultural zoning within the Rioja Appellation area in the north of Spain between 1950-2014 (60 years), and (2) to carry out a comprehensive sociological evaluation among grapegrowers and winemakers of this region, to better understand the impact of climate change on their activity, their degree of concern about it and the potential adaptation measures they would be willing to adopt to cope with it in future years.

Read More

Georgian vitis germplasm: conservation, research and usage

Grapevine Vitis vinifera L. is a leader perennial crops for the Republic of Georgia, the South Caucasus. This is a region where the first wine making practice was initiated 8.000 years ago (McGovern et al. 2017) and a spot of grape domestication. The country of Georgia holds 525 local and more than 60 breeding varieties – they are preserved in 9 field collections inside the country.The list of recommended wine cultivars contains 34 names, including 27 old autochthonous varieties and covering 94% of the country’s vineyards.

Read More

Possible methods of adaptation to the effects of climate change in the Tokaj Wine Region 

Viticulture’s adaptation to the harmful effects of climate change is globally the biggest challenge of the near future. Short, extremely intensive rainfalls and longer periods of drought are getting more frequent in the Tokaj Wine Region, where the majority of the vineyards are cultivated on steep slopes. Hence, erosion has high risk, especially when combined with the loess-based soils on about ten percent of the region. The environmentally beneficial cover crop and mulch usage can effectively reduce the risk of erosion, according to research done by the Tokaj Wine Region Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology.

Read More

Vegetative propagation during domestication – rooting ability of wild grapevines

The origins of plant propagation trace back to the moment of early humans’ transition from a nomadic existence to settled agricultural societies, cultivating their food.

Read More