 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Chemical diversity of 'special' wine styles: fortified wines, passito style, botrytized and ice wines, orange wines, sparkling wines 9 Influence of grapes origin and yeast strain on aroma profile of corvina and corvinone dry passito wines

Influence of grapes origin and yeast strain on aroma profile of corvina and corvinone dry passito wines

Abstract

AIM: Valpolicella is a wine region characterized by a wide use of the technology of grape drying for the production of two red passito wines, recognized as PDOs, “Recioto della Valpolicella” and the most famous “Amarone della Valpolicella”. Geographical origin of the grapes can influence wine composition by grape chemical composition yeast behaviour during fermentation. This study investigates the impact of different commercial yeast strains on aroma profiles of wines produced with withered grapes of different origins. In addition, the influence of spontaneous fermentation is also considered.

METHODS: Experimental red wines were produced with a standard winemaking protocol with withered Corvina and Corvinone grapes obtained from two different geographical areas within the Valpolicella region. Fermentations were carried out with four different commercial yeasts plus a spontaneous fermentation. Wines were analysed by means of SPE- and SPME-GC-MS techniques and sensory analysis (sorting task).

RESULTS: Data analysis of volatile chemical compounds showed significative difference for several compounds both for yeast strain and grape origins, with the latter playing a major role. Differentiation attributable to grape origin was related to different contents of terpenes, norisoprenoids, benzenoids and C6 alcohols. Differences due to yeast strains were mostly associated with esters, alcohols and acids. Certain compounds primarily associated with grape, like geraniol, 3-hydroxy-β-damascone and vanillin, were also affected by yeast strain. Spontaneous fermentations were characterized by higher levels of ethyl acetate and acetic acid, above the detection threshold. In agreement with chemical data, sorting tasks indicated that grape area of origin played a major role. In both varieties, spontaneous fermentations resulted in a single sensory cluster, regardless of grape geographical origins.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most volatile compounds were primarily affected by grape composition, while the contribution of yeast was lower. Sensory analysis also confirmed this observation, since grape origin had a greater influence than employed yeast. Concerning spontaneous fermentations, we found increased content of unpleasant compounds and a loss of sensory diversity associated with grape origin. These results highlight the primary importance of grape composition to the expression of aroma attributes related to geographical origin.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Azienda Agricola f.lli Tedeschi is acknowledged for financial support

DOI:

Publication date: September 15, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Giovanni Luzzini

University of Verona,Davide SLAGHENAUFI, University of Verona Maurizio, UGLIANO, University of Verona Riccardo TEDESCHI, Azienda Agricola F.lli Tedeschi

Contact the author

Keywords

yeast, grape origin, spontaneous fermentation, amarone della valpolicella, red wines aroma

Citation

MODULATION OF YEAST-DERIVED AROMA COMPOUNDS IN CHARDONNAY WINES USING ENCAPSULATED DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TO CONTROL NUTRIENT RELEASE

Yeast-derived aroma compounds are the result of different and complex biochemical pathways that mainly occur during alcoholic fermentation. Many of them are related -but not limited- to the availability of nutrients in the fermentation medium and linked to nitrogen metabolism and biomass produced. Besides, the metabolic phase of yeast also regulates the expression of many enzymes involved in the formation of aroma active compounds. The work investigates the overall effect of continuous supplementation of nutrients during alcoholic fermentation of a grape must on the volatile composition of wines.

The vine and the hazelnut as elements of characterization of a terroir

The research examines how two characteristic cultivations of a territory like the vine and the hazelnut shape the identity of a unique terroir: Langhe (North West italy).

Mapping and tracking canopy size with VitiCanopy

Understanding vineyard variability to target management strategies, apply inputs efficiently and deliver consistent grape quality to the winery is essential. However, despite inherent vineyard variability, the majority are managed as if they are uniform. VitiCanopy is a simple, grower-friendly tool for precision/digital viticulture that allows users to collect and interpret objective spatial information about vineyard performance. After four years of field and market research, an upgraded VitiCanopy has been created to achieve a more streamlined, technology-assisted vine monitoring tool that provides users with a set of superior new features, which could significantly improve the way users monitor their grapevines. These new features include:
• New user interface
• User authentication
• Batch analysis of multiple images
• Ease the learning curve through enhanced help features
• Reporting via the creation of colour maps that will allow users to assess the spatial differences in canopies within a vineyard.
Use-case examples are presented to demonstrate the quantification and mapping of vineyard variability through objective canopy measurements, ground-truthing of remotely sensed measurements, monitoring of crop conditions, implementation of disease and water management decisions as well as creating a history of each site to forecast quality. This intelligent tool allows users to manage grapevines and make informed management choices to achieve the desired production targets and remain profitable.

Management of grapevine water status with the DSS Vintel® provides evidence of sustainable irrigation strategies while maintaining wine quality of Pinot gris in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, NE italy

Deficit irrigation strategies can be valuable means to improve grape quality while saving important amounts of water. A simple way to use deficit irrigation can be based on irrigating a vineyard with a determined level of crop evapotranspiration. Using a precise physiological parameter indicating water status, irrigation could be managed to maintain a specific pre-dawn leaf water potential.

Influence of successive oxygen saturations of a grape juice, supplemented or not with laccase, on its color and hydroxycinnamic acids concentration

Aim: This work studies how successive O2 saturations affects the color and hydroxycinnamic
acids concentration in the absence and presence of laccase from B. cinerea with the aim of better understanding the browning processes.

Materials and methods: Grapes of Muscat of Alexandria were harvested and pressed with a vertical press to extract 60% of their juice. Aliquots of 30 mL of this must were placed in 60 mL flasks equipped with a pill (PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH) for measuring oxygen by luminescence (Nomasense TM O2 Trace Oxygen Analyzer).