Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Terroir Conferences 9 Terroir 2010 9 Geology and Soil: effects on wine quality (T2010) 9 Typicité et terroir : importance relative du type de sol et du niveau de maturité dans la typologie sensorielle du vin

Typicité et terroir : importance relative du type de sol et du niveau de maturité dans la typologie sensorielle du vin

Abstract

[English version below]

Le lien fonctionnel entre typicité et terroir a été étudié en prenant en compte deux dimensions importantes : le type de sol et la date de vendanges. Ces deux facteurs sont, à des degrés divers, considérés comme facteurs explicatifs de l’effet terroir. Trois parcelles de Cabernet franc, sur trois types de sols différents et revendiquant des AOP variées (“Anjou Villages”, “Anjou Rouge” et “Saumur Champigny”) ont été vinifiées, en triplicata, à deux dates espacées de 14 jours. Les vins, vinifiés selon un protocole standardisé, ont été analysés sensoriellement par un jury de professionnels (question de typicité : Anjou Rouge vs Anjou Villages) et par un jury expert (profil conventionnel). Pour évaluer la notion de maturité phénolique (teneur et aptitude à l’extraction), les composés phénoliques ont été analysés à la vendange, au décuvage, mais également au moment de l’analyse sensorielle.
Les résultats montrent que si le type de sol a permis de discriminer les profils sensoriels des vins, son effet sur la typicité a été faible. La date de vendanges, au contraire, a permis de discriminer les profils sensoriels mais également les notes de typicité. Concernant les composés phénoliques, si la teneur et la composition en anthocyanes était dépendante de la date de vendanges, elle n’a pas été explicative de la typicité, sauf quand les anthocyanes totales ont été mesurées lors de l’analyse sensorielle (effet couleur). La quantité de tanins condensés n’est pas apparue dépendante des parcelles mais de la date de vendanges. La qualité des tanins contenus dans le vin au décuvage s’est révélée différente selon la date de vendanges et explicative de la typicité. Enfin, la couleur des vins, liée à leur composition en composés phénoliques, a influencé la perception de la typicité.
Cette étude illustre l’importance de certaines pratiques dans l’effet terroir, le type de sol ayant un effet direct beaucoup moins important que ne laissent supposer les résultats d’enquêtes auprès des producteurs.

Harvest date is a critical point to the winemaker, in order to produce wine with a distinctive style. In particular the relation between ripening stage and extractability of flavonoids must be highlighted.
The extractability of flavonoids (flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins) from grapes was monitored at two stages of maturity (veraison + 30 days, veraison + 44 days). Berries were obtained from three plots with different types of soil in term of water status, from 3 AOC (Anjou-Villages-Brissac, Anjou and Saumur Champigny) and were elaborated in triplicate. Flavonoids were analysed before and after winemaking, by RP-LC-DAD, after fractionation and thiolysis for the proanthocyanidins. Sensory analysis was performed eight month after harvest, by a sensory expert panel (Quantitative descriptive analysis) and by wine experts, (assessment of the typicality). Wine experts were producers, winemakers, and oenologists from the area.
The results showed that the type of soil allowed to discriminate the wines according to some sensory attributes, but its effect on the typicality was weak. On the contrary, the date of grape harvest, allowed discriminating the wine according to their sensory profiles and also to their typicality scores. Concerning the flavonoids, if the content and the composition in anthocyanins were dependent on the date of grape harvest, it was not connected to the typicality, except when anthocyanins were analyzed just before sensory analysis. The quantity of condensed tannins was not dependent on plots but on harvest date. The quality of tannins contained in the wine at devatting was different according to hatvest date. Moreover, quantity and quality of condensed tanins were highly correlated to the typicality scores. Finally, if the anthocyanin contents of wines were correlated with typicality, the composition in the final wine were not predicted by composition at devatting. The influence of anthocyanins seemed to be due to perception of the color of wines in the typicality judgment.
This study illustrated the importance of harvest and vatting practices in the terroir effect, with a soil effect less important as often admitted.

DOI:

Publication date: December 3, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Champenois Réjane (1), Cadot Yves (1), Caille Soline (2), Samson Alain (3), Cheynier Véronique (2)

(1) INRA, UE 1117, UMT Vinitera, F-49070 Beaucouzé, France
(2) INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l’OEnologie, F-34060 Montpellier, France
(3) INRA, UE999 Pech-Rouge, F-11430 Gruissan, France

Contact the author

Keywords

Terroir, Typicité, Tanins condensés, Anthocyanes, Cabernet franc, Vitis vinifera
Terroir, Typicality, Condensed tanins, Anthocyanins, Cabernet franc, Vitis vinifera

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Q-NMR measurements: quantitative analysis of wine composition applied to Bordeaux red wines authenticity control

Traceability of wine is today a consumer demand and a scientific challenge. The methods of analysis must be able to control three fundamental parameters: the geographical origin, the grape varieties, and the vintage.

Berry weight loss in Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivars during ripening

Berry shriveling (BS) in vineyards are caused by numerous factors such as sunburn, dehydration, stem necrosis. Climate change results in an increase in day and night temperatures, rainfall throughout the year, changes in the timing and quantities, long dry summers and a combination of climatic variability such as floods, droughts and heatwaves). Grape development and its composition at harvest is influenced by the latter as grape metabolites are sensitive to the environmental conditions. The grape berry experiences water loss and an increase in flavour development as a result of the BS. An increased sugar content in grapes will result in higher alcohol wines and concentration of grape aromas which may be detrimental to the final wine quality.

Preliminary steps of a protocol to isolate transcription factors bound to a specific DNA locus in grapevine using CRISPR-dCas9 system

Cis-acting regulatory elements are DNA sequences that can be bound by transcription factors to regulate the expression of genes in a condition-dependent and tissue-specific way. It is nowadays possible to search for DNA motives and sequences that a given transcription factor is binding or at least can, but it is still hard to have a glance at all the transcription factors that are contemporaneously located at the same locus. Inspired by an existing technique that uses the CRISPR-Cas system in mammal cells, we are trying to develop a protocol to study such regulation in Vitis vinifera. Using the highly sequence-specific binding capacity of a catalytically inactive Cas9 protein (dCas9), our idea is to set up a system to target a desired sequence and precipitate all the crosslinked proteins and distantly interacting chromatin at this locus and analyze them.

Under-vine management effects on grapevine vegetative growth, gas exchange and rhizosphere microbial diversity

The use of cover crops under the vines might be an alternative to the use of herbicides or tillage, improving grapevine quality and soil characteristics. The aim of this research was to study the implications of different management strategies of the soil under the vines (herbicide, cultivation or cover crops) on grapevine growth, water and nutritional status, gas exchange parameters and belowground microbial communities.
The experimental design consisted in 4 treatments applied on 35L-potted Tempranillo vegetative grapevines with 10 replicates each grown in an open-top greenhouse in 2022 and 2023. Treatments included two cover crop species (Trifolium fragiferum and Bromus repens), herbicide (glyphosate al 36%) and an untreated control.

Cabernet-Sauvignon ripening in Chile: follow-up study from 2012 to 2018

Temperature is a relevant parameter during vineyard development, affecting vine phenology and grape maturity. Moreover, the climate of the different Chilean valleys influences the varieties cultivated, the ripening period and the final quality of the wines. The use of growing degree days (GDD) is known worldwide for the study of climate in viticulture regions. However, little is known about the evolution of maturity and the sugar loading stop, based on this parameter.