Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Terroir Conferences 9 Terroir 2010 9 Geology and Soil: effects on wine quality (T2010) 9 Typicité et terroir : importance relative du type de sol et du niveau de maturité dans la typologie sensorielle du vin

Typicité et terroir : importance relative du type de sol et du niveau de maturité dans la typologie sensorielle du vin

Abstract

[English version below]

Le lien fonctionnel entre typicité et terroir a été étudié en prenant en compte deux dimensions importantes : le type de sol et la date de vendanges. Ces deux facteurs sont, à des degrés divers, considérés comme facteurs explicatifs de l’effet terroir. Trois parcelles de Cabernet franc, sur trois types de sols différents et revendiquant des AOP variées (“Anjou Villages”, “Anjou Rouge” et “Saumur Champigny”) ont été vinifiées, en triplicata, à deux dates espacées de 14 jours. Les vins, vinifiés selon un protocole standardisé, ont été analysés sensoriellement par un jury de professionnels (question de typicité : Anjou Rouge vs Anjou Villages) et par un jury expert (profil conventionnel). Pour évaluer la notion de maturité phénolique (teneur et aptitude à l’extraction), les composés phénoliques ont été analysés à la vendange, au décuvage, mais également au moment de l’analyse sensorielle.
Les résultats montrent que si le type de sol a permis de discriminer les profils sensoriels des vins, son effet sur la typicité a été faible. La date de vendanges, au contraire, a permis de discriminer les profils sensoriels mais également les notes de typicité. Concernant les composés phénoliques, si la teneur et la composition en anthocyanes était dépendante de la date de vendanges, elle n’a pas été explicative de la typicité, sauf quand les anthocyanes totales ont été mesurées lors de l’analyse sensorielle (effet couleur). La quantité de tanins condensés n’est pas apparue dépendante des parcelles mais de la date de vendanges. La qualité des tanins contenus dans le vin au décuvage s’est révélée différente selon la date de vendanges et explicative de la typicité. Enfin, la couleur des vins, liée à leur composition en composés phénoliques, a influencé la perception de la typicité.
Cette étude illustre l’importance de certaines pratiques dans l’effet terroir, le type de sol ayant un effet direct beaucoup moins important que ne laissent supposer les résultats d’enquêtes auprès des producteurs.

Harvest date is a critical point to the winemaker, in order to produce wine with a distinctive style. In particular the relation between ripening stage and extractability of flavonoids must be highlighted.
The extractability of flavonoids (flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins) from grapes was monitored at two stages of maturity (veraison + 30 days, veraison + 44 days). Berries were obtained from three plots with different types of soil in term of water status, from 3 AOC (Anjou-Villages-Brissac, Anjou and Saumur Champigny) and were elaborated in triplicate. Flavonoids were analysed before and after winemaking, by RP-LC-DAD, after fractionation and thiolysis for the proanthocyanidins. Sensory analysis was performed eight month after harvest, by a sensory expert panel (Quantitative descriptive analysis) and by wine experts, (assessment of the typicality). Wine experts were producers, winemakers, and oenologists from the area.
The results showed that the type of soil allowed to discriminate the wines according to some sensory attributes, but its effect on the typicality was weak. On the contrary, the date of grape harvest, allowed discriminating the wine according to their sensory profiles and also to their typicality scores. Concerning the flavonoids, if the content and the composition in anthocyanins were dependent on the date of grape harvest, it was not connected to the typicality, except when anthocyanins were analyzed just before sensory analysis. The quantity of condensed tannins was not dependent on plots but on harvest date. The quality of tannins contained in the wine at devatting was different according to hatvest date. Moreover, quantity and quality of condensed tanins were highly correlated to the typicality scores. Finally, if the anthocyanin contents of wines were correlated with typicality, the composition in the final wine were not predicted by composition at devatting. The influence of anthocyanins seemed to be due to perception of the color of wines in the typicality judgment.
This study illustrated the importance of harvest and vatting practices in the terroir effect, with a soil effect less important as often admitted.

DOI:

Publication date: December 3, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Champenois Réjane (1), Cadot Yves (1), Caille Soline (2), Samson Alain (3), Cheynier Véronique (2)

(1) INRA, UE 1117, UMT Vinitera, F-49070 Beaucouzé, France
(2) INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l’OEnologie, F-34060 Montpellier, France
(3) INRA, UE999 Pech-Rouge, F-11430 Gruissan, France

Contact the author

Keywords

Terroir, Typicité, Tanins condensés, Anthocyanes, Cabernet franc, Vitis vinifera
Terroir, Typicality, Condensed tanins, Anthocyanins, Cabernet franc, Vitis vinifera

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Tolerance to sunburn: a variable to consider in the context of climate change

Climate change effects on grapevine phenology and grape primary and secondary metabolites are well described in recent literature. Increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves may be responsible for important yield losses in the future. However, the impact of this event is not so well described in literature. The present study highlights the importance of grape variety tolerance as a mitigation tool to climate change.

Hemisynthesis, NMR Characterization and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap /MS² identification of (+)-Catechin oxidation products in red wines and grape seed extracts

(+)-Catechin—laccase oxidation dimeric standards were hemi-synthesized using laccase from Trametes versicolor in a water-ethanol solution at pH 3.6.

Changing New Zealand climate equals a changing New Zealand terroir?

Changing New Zealand climate equals a changing New Zealand terroir

Measurement of synthetic solutions imitating alcoholic fermentation by dielectric spectroscopy

Having the possibility to use a wide spectrum of elecromagnetic waves, dielectric spectroscopy is a technique commonly used for electrical characterization of dielectrics or that of materials with high energy storage capacity, just to name a few. Based on the electrical excitation of dipoles (polymer chains or molecules) or ions in relation to the characteristics of a weak external electric field, this method allows the measurement of the complex permittivity or impedance of polarizable materials, each component having a characteristic dipole moment.In recent years, the food industry has also benefited from the potential offered by this technique, whether for the evaluation of fruit quality or during the pasteurization of apple juice [1-3]. As the tests are fast and do not destroy the products, dielectric spectroscopy proved to be an experimental tool suitable for online measurements as well as long-term monitoring.

Stomatal restrictions to photosynthesis in grapevine cultivars grown in a semiarid environment

Diurnal changes in the leaves of field-grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars Syrah and Tempranillo were followed over summer 2009 with respect to gas exchanges. Net photosynthetic rate (AN) of both cultivars rapidly increased in the morning, decreasing slowly until the late afternoon, when reached the lowest values.