Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Determining sub-appellations in Ontario’s wine regions

Determining sub-appellations in Ontario’s wine regions

Abstract

[English version below]

Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) Ontario, (Alliance de qualité Vintners) est responsable de l’administration et de l’imposition des normes en liaison avec la qualité du vin, l’appellation d’origine, les variétés de raisin et les méthodes de production. Des vins produits selon les règlements de VQA sont actuellement étiquetés de trois distinctes mais larges régions d’appellation : Niagara Peninsula (péninsule de Niagara), Lake Erie North Shore (Rivage nord du lac Érié) et Pelee Island (Ïle Pelée). Le système actuel de production permet à une seule variété de raisin d’être développée dans plusieurs hautement différents sols, topographies et mésoclimats, avec pour résultat des vins de qualité très variée.
L’objectif du présent projet est d’évaluer les propriétés spécifiques du sol, de la géologie et du climat qui conviennent à certaines variétés, styles et préférences des consommateurs de vin. En outre, le projet vise à identifier les grandes zones ou les sub-appellations qui recèlent une combinaison d’éléments climatiques, du terroir, géologiques et topographiques qui permettraient aux variétés de vignes indiquées d’atteindre un potentiel de maturation optimum, de produire un vin de qualité consistante et d’éviter des dommages excessifs causés par le gel. Dans la conduite de cette recherche, le projet a exploité plusieurs bases de données relatives au sol, à la topographie, au lieu, à la géologie et au climat des régions viticoles de l’Ontario et a utilisé des outils du GIS (système d’information géographique) afin de déterminer la distribution spatiale et l’homogénéité de plusieurs sub-appellations proposées. Un indice composé basé sur plusieurs variables environnementales clés a, donc, été élaboré; les résultats ont été arrêtés pour la région et la frontière de chaque sub-appellation soigneusement définie.

Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) Ontario is responsible for administering and enforcing standards in connection with wine quality, Appellation of Origin, grape varieties and production methods. Wines produced in accordance with VQA regulations are currently labelled under three distinct but broad viticultural areas (Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore and Pelee Island. The present system of production permits a single grape variety to be grown in several highly dissimilar soils, topographies and mesoclimates, resulting in wines that are highly variable in their character.
The objective of this project is to evaluate specific properties of the soil, geology and climate that are suitable for certain varieties, wine styles and consumer preferences. Furthermore, it aims to identify broad zones or sub-appellations that possess a combination of climatic, soil, geological and topographic elements that would enable the designated grape varieties to achieve optimum ripening potential, produce wine of consistent quality and avoid excessive freeze injury. Accordingly, this project uses several databases relating to the soil, topography, location, geology and climate of Ontario’s wine regions along with GIS (Geographic Information System) tools to determine the spatial distribution and homogeneity related to several proposed sub-appellations. A composite index based on several key environmental variables was then constructed; the results were mapped for the region and the boundary of each sub-appellation was carefully defined.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

Anthony. B. Shaw

Department of Geography, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada

Contact the author

Keywords

Ontario, sub-appellations, wine regions
Ontario, sub-appellations, Alliance de qualité Vintners

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

New plant protein extracts as fining agents for red wines

AIM: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a non-allergenic pseudocereal with a high protein content

How a microscopic yeast makes a big difference – how geographic limitations of yeast populations can determine the regional aroma of wine

Aim: Microbial biogeography contributes to regional distinctiveness of agricultural products and is important to determine for quality and marketing of wine products. We evaluated the microbial influence on wine characteristics by considering the microbial diversity of soil, plant, grapes, must and wine in grapegrowing regions across Victoria, Australia. 

Revealing the Barossa zone sub-divisions through sensory and chemical analysis of Shiraz wine

The Barossa zone is arguably one of the most well-recognised wine producing regions in Australia and internationally; known mainly for the production of its distinct Shiraz wines. However, within the broad Barossa geographical delimitation, a variation in terroir can be perceived and is expressed as sensorial and chemical profile differences between wines. This study aimed to explore the sub-division classification across the Barossa region using chemical and sensory measurements. Shiraz grapes from 4 different vintages and different vineyards across the Barossa (2018, n = 69; 2019, n = 72; 2020, n = 79; 2021, n = 64) were harvested and made using a standardised small lot winemaking procedure. The analysis involved a sensory descriptive analysis with a highly trained panel and chemical measurement including basic chemistry (e.g. pH, TA, alcohol content, total SO2), phenolic composition, volatile compounds, metals, proline, and polysaccharides. The datasets were combined and analysed through an unsupervised, clustering analysis. Firstly, each vintage was considered separately to investigate any vintage to vintage variation. The datasets were then combined and analysed as a whole. The number of sub-divisions based on the measurements were identified and characterised with their sensory and chemical profile and some consistencies were seen between the vintages. Preliminary analysis of the sensory results showed that in most vintages, two major groups could be identified characterised with one group showing a fruit-forward profile and another displaying savoury and cooked vegetables characters. The exploration of distinct profiles arising from the Barossa wine producing region will provide producers with valuable information about the regional potential of their wine assisting with tools to increase their target market and reputation. This study will also provide a robust and comprehensive basis to determine the distinctive terroir characteristics which exist within the Barossa wine producing region.

The generation of suspended cell wall material may limit the effect of ultrasound in some varieties

The disruptive effect exerted by high-power ultrasound (US) on plant cell walls, natural barriers to the diffusion of compounds of interest during the maceration of red wines, is established as the reason behind the chromatic improvement that its treatment causes. However, sometimes this improvement is not observed, especially with short maceration times. The presence of a high quantity of suspended cell wall material, which formation is favored by the sonication, could be the cause of this lack of positive results since this cell wall material has a high affinity for phenolic compounds.

Climate effect on ripening process in Vitis vinifera, L. cv. Cencibel

A seven years survey (2003 to 2009) has been carried out over old traditional vineyards cv. Cencibel in La Mancha region (Spain). Seven plots with more than 35 years old were sampled from veraison to harvest, measuring soluble solids (ºBaumé) and acid concentration (g/l in tartaric acid).