Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Determining sub-appellations in Ontario’s wine regions

Determining sub-appellations in Ontario’s wine regions

Abstract

[English version below]

Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) Ontario, (Alliance de qualité Vintners) est responsable de l’administration et de l’imposition des normes en liaison avec la qualité du vin, l’appellation d’origine, les variétés de raisin et les méthodes de production. Des vins produits selon les règlements de VQA sont actuellement étiquetés de trois distinctes mais larges régions d’appellation : Niagara Peninsula (péninsule de Niagara), Lake Erie North Shore (Rivage nord du lac Érié) et Pelee Island (Ïle Pelée). Le système actuel de production permet à une seule variété de raisin d’être développée dans plusieurs hautement différents sols, topographies et mésoclimats, avec pour résultat des vins de qualité très variée.
L’objectif du présent projet est d’évaluer les propriétés spécifiques du sol, de la géologie et du climat qui conviennent à certaines variétés, styles et préférences des consommateurs de vin. En outre, le projet vise à identifier les grandes zones ou les sub-appellations qui recèlent une combinaison d’éléments climatiques, du terroir, géologiques et topographiques qui permettraient aux variétés de vignes indiquées d’atteindre un potentiel de maturation optimum, de produire un vin de qualité consistante et d’éviter des dommages excessifs causés par le gel. Dans la conduite de cette recherche, le projet a exploité plusieurs bases de données relatives au sol, à la topographie, au lieu, à la géologie et au climat des régions viticoles de l’Ontario et a utilisé des outils du GIS (système d’information géographique) afin de déterminer la distribution spatiale et l’homogénéité de plusieurs sub-appellations proposées. Un indice composé basé sur plusieurs variables environnementales clés a, donc, été élaboré; les résultats ont été arrêtés pour la région et la frontière de chaque sub-appellation soigneusement définie.

Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) Ontario is responsible for administering and enforcing standards in connection with wine quality, Appellation of Origin, grape varieties and production methods. Wines produced in accordance with VQA regulations are currently labelled under three distinct but broad viticultural areas (Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore and Pelee Island. The present system of production permits a single grape variety to be grown in several highly dissimilar soils, topographies and mesoclimates, resulting in wines that are highly variable in their character.
The objective of this project is to evaluate specific properties of the soil, geology and climate that are suitable for certain varieties, wine styles and consumer preferences. Furthermore, it aims to identify broad zones or sub-appellations that possess a combination of climatic, soil, geological and topographic elements that would enable the designated grape varieties to achieve optimum ripening potential, produce wine of consistent quality and avoid excessive freeze injury. Accordingly, this project uses several databases relating to the soil, topography, location, geology and climate of Ontario’s wine regions along with GIS (Geographic Information System) tools to determine the spatial distribution and homogeneity related to several proposed sub-appellations. A composite index based on several key environmental variables was then constructed; the results were mapped for the region and the boundary of each sub-appellation was carefully defined.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

Anthony. B. Shaw

Department of Geography, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada

Contact the author

Keywords

Ontario, sub-appellations, wine regions
Ontario, sub-appellations, Alliance de qualité Vintners

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of interspecific yeast hybrids for secondary in-bottle alcoholic fermentation of english sparkling wines

In sparkling winemaking several yeasts can be used to perform the primary alcoholic fermentation that leads to the elaboration of the base wine. However, only a few Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains are regularly used for the secondary in-bottle alcoholic fermentation 1. Recently, advances in yeast development programs have resulted in new breeds of interspecific wine yeast hybrids that ferment efficiently while producing novel flavours and aromas 2. In this work, sparkling wines produced using interspecific yeast hybrids for the secondary in-bottle alcoholic fermentation have been chemically and sensorially characterized.METHODS: Three commercial English base wines have been prepared for secondary in-bottle alcoholic fermentation with different yeast strains, including two commercial and several novel interspecific hybrids derived from Saccharomyces species not traditionally used in sparkling winemaking. After 12 months of lees ageing, the 14 wines produced were analysed for their chemical and macromolecular composition 3,4, phenolic profile 5, foaming and viscosity properties [6]. The analytical data were supplemented with a sensory analysis.

Development and validation of a standardized oxidation assay for the accurate measurement of the ability of different wines to form “de novo” oxidation-related aldehydes

From the standpoint of wine aroma oxidation there are two effects observed: aroma degradation of oxygen sensitive compounds (polyfunctional mercaptans) and the appearance of new substances with high aromatic power (acetaldehyde, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, sotolon, alkenals, isobutanal and 2, 3-metylbutanals) (1-5). According to our experience, Strecker aldehydes are compounds with highest sensory relevance in the oxidative degradation of many wines (5-7).

Grapevine root system architecture: empirical insights and first steps towards in silico studies

Root System Architecture (RSA) is crucial for plant resilience and resource uptake, yet remains underexplored in viticulture.

Correction de la teneur en alcool des vins par évaporation partielle sous vide en cours de fermentation alcoolique

Climate change has become a reality that is becoming more and more apparent every day, with changes in the physico-chemical composition of grapes and an increase in the alcohol content of finished wines. These higher alcoholic degrees are not without consequences for the success of alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. Correcting the alcohol content (-20% of the initial alcoholic strength) is also part of an approach designed to meet consumer expectations for healthier, lighter or lower-alcohol wines (9 to 13% vol.). Correcting the alcohol content of wines also rebalances the mouthfeel by reducing the alcohol’s burn.

Aroma characterization of mold resistant base wines for sparkling wine produced in a warm-temperate area at two different altitudes

In a recent context where consumers pay an increasing attention to sustainability and eco-friendly aspects in the decision-making process, the use of the resistant varieties in the wine sector have returned to the attention. In this context, the use of mould-resistant grape varieties would be an opportunity for sparkling wine producers as it can reduced the pesticide utilization in grape management and hence production costs.
However, the use of the resistant varieties to produce the base wine may be strongly influenced due to its requirements for a particular balance between sugars and acidity to ensure the quality of the final product. In addition, the aromatic profile of base wine plays a crucial role in the perception of the quality of the sparkling wine.