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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Economy and law 9 Technical efficiency and socio-environmental sustainability in the wine sector: tradeoff or complementarity? Evidence from Italy

Technical efficiency and socio-environmental sustainability in the wine sector: tradeoff or complementarity? Evidence from Italy

Abstract

In recent decades, sustainability has risen to prominence across various industries, including agriculture, largely driven by policy initiatives such as the European Union’s new Common Agricultural Policy and the Farm to Fork Strategy. Among agricultural activities, viticulture stands as a crucial player in sustainability, intertwining environmental, social, and economic dimensions, as exemplified by the OIV General Principles of Sustainable Viticulture. Italy, one of the main players in the global wine market, has long been making efforts towards the introduction of sustainability-oriented practices and certifications. In this context, our study investigates the relationship between efficiency and socio-environmental sustainability in Italian wineries, using data from the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). Through Stochastic Frontier Analysis, we measure technical efficiency and explore the impact of socio-environmental sustainability factors. The existence of a complementarity or tradeoff between sustainability and efficiency is discussed in the light of exogenous structural characteristics, such as the geographical conditions and the productive orientation of the firm.

Efficacité technique et durabilité socio-environnementale dans le secteur vinicole : compromis ou complémentarité ? Evidence d’Italie

Au cours des dernières décennies, la durabilité est devenue un enjeu majeur dans divers secteurs, y compris l’agriculture, stimulée par des initiatives telles que la nouvelle politique agricole commune et la stratégie farm to fork au sein de l’union européenne. Parmi les activités agricoles, la viticulture joue un rôle crucial dans la durabilité, en entremêlant des dimensions environnementales, sociales et économiques, comme le montrent les principes généraux de la viticulture durable de l’oiv. L’italie, l’un des acteurs principaux sur le marché mondial du vin, a depuis longtemps entrepris de nombreux efforts en vue de l’introduction de pratiques et de certifications orientées vers la durabilité. Néanmoins, il existe un appel pressant à l’innovation et à l’efficacité, reflété par l’intérêt croissant pour des sujets tels que la viticulture de précision, la réduction des déchets et l’utilisation de l’énergie, ce qui suggère le potentiel de relever ensemble les défis liés à la fois aux aspects économiques (par exemple, l’augmentation des coûts, la concurrence sur le marché) et environnementaux (par exemple, le changement climatique). Dans ce contexte, notre étude se penche sur la relation entre l’efficacité (comprise comme le rapport entre les facteurs de production et la production) et la durabilité socio-environnementale (ex. Utilisation de pesticides, certification biologique) dans les domaines vinicoles italiens, en s’appuyant sur les données du réseau comptable agricole italien (rica). Grâce à la méthodologie stochastic frontier analysis, nous mesurons l’efficacité technique et explorons l’impact des facteurs de durabilité socio-environnementale. Notre analyse englobe un ensemble de données équilibré des 1027 domaines vinicoles italiens spécialisés dans la production de vin de qualité (DOC/DOCG) au cours des années 2021 et 2022. Comme prévu, les résultats révèlent que des facteurs externes tels que les conditions géographiques (par exemple, région et altitude) influencent significativement les niveaux d’efficacité. De plus, il existe une corrélation positive entre la taille de l’entreprise et l’efficacité, conforme à des études antérieures (Sellers & Alampi-Sottini, 2016; Urso et al. 2018). En ce qui concerne les attributs de durabilité, une comparaison entre les domaines vinicoles engagés dans des activités de transformation et ceux qui ne le sont pas révèle des différences notables dans l’orientation de la production. Malgré un intérêt accru pour la certification biologique et les activités de diversification, les premiers présentent des niveaux d’efficacité inférieurs aux seconds. Les variables démographiques telles que l’âge et le genre ne semblent pas avoir une influence significative sur l’efficacité. Cependant, l’impact positif de l’éligibilité aux paiements agro-climatiques-environnementaux, bien qu’il nécessite une analyse plus approfondie, semble prometteur. Cela suggère que la participation aux éco-programmes dans le cadre de la pac pourrait ne pas avoir d’effet néfaste sur l’efficacité productive. En conclusion, notre étude contribue à une compréhension plus approfondie de l’interaction complexe entre la performance économique et la durabilité socio-environnementale dans le secteur vinicole italien. Elle met en évidence le double défi auquel l’industrie est confrontée : optimiser la productivité tout en faisant progresser les objectifs de durabilité. La convergence de ces deux éléments constitue le principal défi à relever pour l’avenir de l’industrie vitivinicole italienne et européenne.

Efficienza tecnica e sostenibilità socio-ambientale nel settore vitivinicolo: scontro o complementarietà? Evidenze dall’Italia
Negli ultimi anni la sostenibilità ha guadagnato progressivamente rilevanza nel settore agricolo dell’unione europea, supportata da iniziative come la nuova politica agricola comune e la strategia farm to fork. Tra le varie attività agricole, la viticoltura si configura come un settore cruciale nelle discussioni sulla sostenibilità, essendo caratterizzata da una complessa relazione tra fattori ambientali, sociali ed economici, come esemplificato dai principi generali di viticoltura sostenibile dell’oiv. L’italia, uno degli attori principali nel mercato mondiale del vino, ha da tempo intrapreso numerosi sforzi verso l’introduzione di pratiche e certificazioni orientate alla sostenibilità. Tuttavia, si riscontra la crescente richiesta di coniugare innovazione ed efficienza, testimoniata dall’interesse per temi come la viticoltura di precisione, la riduzione degli sprechi e dell’uso di energia, suggerendo quindi il potenziale per affrontare insieme sfide legate sia ad aspetti economici (costi crescenti, concorrenza di mercato..) Che ambientali (cambiamenti climatici..). In questo contesto, il nostro studio approfondisce la relazione tra efficienza (intesa come rapporto tra fattori produttivi e output) e sostenibilità socio-ambientale (es. Uso di pesticidi, presenza di certificazione biologica) nelle cantine italiane, attingendo ai dati della rete di informazione contabile agricola (rica). Attraverso l’approccio metodologico della stochastic frontier analysis, l’efficienza tecnica delle aziende viene misurata e analizzata in relazione ad alcuni indicatori di sostenibilità socio-ambientale. Il nostro studio comprende un dataset bilanciato di 1027 cantine italiane specializzate nella produzione di vino di qualità (DOC/DOCG) negli anni 2021 e 2022. Come previsto, i risultati rivelano che fattori esterni come le condizioni geografiche (regione, altitudine..) Influenzano significativamente i livelli di efficienza. Inoltre, emerge una relazione positiva tra dimensione aziendale ed efficienza, in linea con studi precedenti (Sellers & Alampi-Sottini, 2016; Urso et al. 2018). Per quanto riguarda gli attributi di sostenibilità, un confronto tra le cantine impegnate anche nella trasformazione e quelle che non svolgono questa attività rivela notevoli differenze nell’orientamento produttivo. Nonostante dimostrino un maggiore interesse per la certificazione biologica ed attività di diversificazione, le prime mostrano livelli di efficienza più bassi rispetto alle seconde. Variabili demografiche come età e genere non sembrano avere un’influenza significativa sull’efficienza. Tuttavia, l’impatto positivo dell’accesso ai pagamenti agro-climatico-ambientali, sebbene necessiti di ulteriori analisi, appare promettente. Ciò suggerisce che la partecipazione a programmi eco-sostenibili nell’ambito della pac potrebbe non avere un effetto negativo sull’efficienza produttiva. In conclusione, il nostro studio contribuisce a una comprensione più approfondita del complesso rapporto tra performance tecnico-economica e sostenibilità socio-ambientale nel settore vinicolo italiano. La convergenza tra questi due elementi costituisce la sfida principale per affrontare il futuro dell’industria vitivinicola italiana ed europea.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Alberto Ceccacci1, Luca Camanzi1, Antonio Giampaolo2, Giulio Malorgio1 

1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna (Italy)
2 CREA – Research Center / Agricultural Policies and Bioeconomy, Rome (Italy)

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Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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