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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Training vineyards resilience to environmental variations by managing vine water use

Training vineyards resilience to environmental variations by managing vine water use

Abstract

Climate change is undeniable. In response, many vineyards have installed, or intend to install, irrigation systems. However, vine irrigation is not trivial and it accentuates the question of vineyard resilience, understood as the ability to maintain interannually stable and high enough yields and qualities to meet production objectives, while ensuring efficient and minimal use of environmental resources such as water. To address this issue, Fruition Sciences has developed an irrigation method, called the Plant Aware Irrigation (PAI) method. The aim of this article is to illustrate how the PAI method is applied in practice, and to assess its benefits in terms of vineyard resilience in situ, i.e. in commercial vineyards, over the whole season, in various production contexts and for different climatic conditions. To do this, the performance of vines irrigated using the PAI method was compared with the performance of vines irrigated using the traditional vineyard irrigation management strategy for 10 pairs of blocks.  Results showed that for the same or a lower amount of water applied, the PAI method achieved yields and sugar quantities per berry equal to those obtained with the traditional irrigation strategy, and reduced berry sensitivity to shriveling at the end of the season.

Fomentar la resiliencia de los viñedos frente a las variaciones medioambientales con la gestión del uso del agua de la vid

Los desafíos del siglo para la viticultura están ligados al cambio climático y a la pérdida de biodiversidad en un contexto socioeconómico en declive. Ahora más que nunca, el sector de la vid y el vino necesita ser resiliente para mantener y garantizar un futuro a su patrimonio. Una innovación de capital importancia, en consonancia con los últimos conocimientos, consiste en desarrollar nuevos métodos de consolidación de nuestros viñedos antiguos y recién plantados para que resistan mejor las variaciones medioambientales, como la sequía y las olas de calor, pero también las lluvias y temperaturas desigualmente distribuidas. En este estudio, la resiliencia del viñedo se define como i) la capacidad de lograr una menor variabilidad interanual del rendimiento, manteniendo al mismo tiempo un nivel de calidad definido por el objetivo de producción, junto con ii) un uso eficiente y minimizado de los recursos medioambientales, como el agua de riego. El objetivo de este estudio en curso es determinar cómo se puede mejorar la resiliencia del viñedo a través de un programa basado en reglas de decisión novedosas para la gestión del uso del agua de la vid. Las prácticas culturales implicadas son principalmente la manipulación de la área foliar, la gestión de los cultivos de cobertura, la fertilización y el momento y volumen de riego en caso de que el viñedo sea regado. Para lograr este objetivo, 9 pares de parcelas comparables acogen 2 modalidades de gestión: la primera corresponde a la forma en la que siempre se ha gestionado el viñedo y la segunda corresponde a un programa innovador para fomentar la resiliencia del viñedo. Las parcelas estudiadas están situadas en california (ee.uu.), chile, argentina, españa y francia. Se presentarán los resultados de los dos primeros años, 2023 y 2024, en términos de condiciones climáticas, nivel y variabilidad del rendimiento, cantidad máxima de azúcar por baya y cantidad de agua suministrada por el riego, cuando hay riego.

Développer la résilience des vignobles aux variations environnementales par une meilleure gestion de la consommation hydrique de la vigne

Les défis du siècle pour la viticulture sont liés au changement climatique et à la perte de biodiversité dans un contexte socio-économique en pleine mutation. Aujourd’hui plus que jamais, l’industrie de la vigne et du vin doit être résiliente pour maintenir et assurer un avenir à son patrimoine. Une innovation d’une importance capitale, en accord avec les recherches récemment publiées, concerne le développement de nouvelles méthodes pour entraîner nos vignobles hérités et nouvellement plantés à mieux tolérer les variations environnementales telles que la sécheresse et les vagues de chaleur, mais aussi les pluies et les températures inégalement réparties. Dans ce travail, la résilience du vignoble est définie comme i) la capacité à atteindre une faible variabilité interannuelle du rendement, tout en maintenant un niveau de qualité défini par l’objectif de production, couplée à ii) une utilisation efficiente et minimisée des ressources environnementales telles que l’eau d’irrigation. L’objectif de l’étude en cours est de déterminer le potentiel d’amélioration de la résilience du vignoble en suivant un programme d’entraînement basé sur des règles de décision innovantes pour la gestion de l’utilisation de l’eau par la vigne. Les pratiques culturales concernées sont principalement les travaux en vert, la gestion de l’enherbement, la fertilisation et le timing et le volume des irrigations lorsque le vignoble est irrigué. Pour atteindre cet objectif, 9 paires de parcelles comparables sont soumises à deux modalités de conduite : la première correspond à la manière dont le domaine a toujours été conduit et la seconde correspond à un itinéraire technique innovant visant à améliorer la résilience du vignoble. Les parcelles étudiées sont situées en californie (usa), au chili, en argentine, en espagne et en france. Les résultats des deux premières années de l’étude, 2023 et 2024, seront présentés en termes de conditions climatiques, de niveau et de variabilité des rendements, de quantité maximale de sucre par baie et de quantité d’eau apportée pour l’irrigation, le cas échéant.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Cécile Laurent¹, Sebastien Payen¹, Thibaut Scholasch¹

¹ Fruition Sciences – 672, Rue du Mas de Verchant, Montpellier, France

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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