WAC 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 WAC 9 WAC 2022 9 3 - WAC - Oral 9 Role of Grape-Extractable Polyphenols in the Generation of Strecker Aldehydes and in the Instability of Polyfunctional Mercaptans during Wine Oxidation

Role of Grape-Extractable Polyphenols in the Generation of Strecker Aldehydes and in the Instability of Polyfunctional Mercaptans during Wine Oxidation

Abstract

Wine longevity is a complex multifactor phenomenon in which the weight of the different factors is not well known. One of the key factors of wine longevity is related to its resistance to oxidation. This property can be defined as the ability of the wine, under an exposure to oxygen, to keep its color, avoid accumulation of acetaldehyde and Strecker aldehydes (SA), and keep as long as possible labile varietal aroma compounds, such as polyfunctional mercaptans (PFM). The goal of the present work is to assess the specific role played by grape polyphenols on these abilities. For that, polyphenolic fractions extracted from Garnacha, Tempranillo, and Moristel grapes were reconstituted to form model wines of identical pH, ethanol, amino acid, metal, and varietal PFMs contents. Models were subjected to a forced oxidation procedure at 35 °C (50 mg O2L−1 for 35 days) and to an equivalent treatment under strict anoxia. Chemical characterization of polyphenolic fractions and oxidized and unoxidized (controls) wine models was carried out. In general, oxidation causes increases in redox potential, tannin activity, and in the levels of SAs. Similarly, oxidation causes decreases of great magnitude in free and total PFMs and of moderate magnitude in total polyphenol index, pigmented tannins, and in TDN. Polyphenolic profiles significantly determined oxygen consumption rates (5.6−13.6 mg L−1 day−1), SAs accumulation (ratios max/min around 2.5), and levels of PFMs remaining (ratio max/min between 1.93 and 4.53). By contrast, acetaldehyde accumulated in small amounts and homogeneously (11−15 mg L−1). The accumulation of SAs is positively and significantly correlated to the content on phenolic acids, monomeric flavanols, and nonpigmented tannins and negatively correlated to the contents in prodelphinidins, anthocyanins, and color. Overall, SAs accumulation may be related to polyphenols, producing stable quinones. Tempranillo samples, with highest delphinidin and prodelphinidins and smallest catechin, consume O2 faster but accumulate less SA and retain smallest amounts of PFMs under anoxic conditions. The ability to protect PFMs as disulfides may be negatively related to the increase in tannin activity, while pigmented tannins could be related to 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentanone decrease. The varietal polyphenolic profile exerted a deep effect on the generation of Strecker aldehydes and on the instability of polyfunctional mercaptans, and hence, on the longevity of wine aroma.

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2022

Issue: WAC 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Elena, Bueno-Aventín, Vicente, Ferreira, Ana, Escudero, Fernández-Zurbano

Presenting author

Elena, Bueno-Aventín – Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Universidad de Zaragoza

Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Universidad de Zaragoza | Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Purificación | Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Universidad de La Rioja

Contact the author

Keywords

Aromas-Quinones-Aging-Strecker Aldehydes-Polyfunctional Mercaptan

Tags

IVES Conference Series | WAC 2022

Citation

Related articles…

Viticultural characterisation of soils from triassic period at Beaumes-de-Venise (Côtes du Rhône, France)

Wineries of Beaumes-de-Venise area make their best red wines with grapes from the “Triassic terroir”. This « terroir » is characterized by soils from the Triassic period. These specific soils are complex and quite heterogeneous. They originate from an eventful geological history to keep in mind to understand soils geographical distribution.

Long-term drought resilience of traditional red grapevine varieties from a semi-arid region

In recent decades, the scarcity of water resources in agriculture in certain areas has been aggravated by climate change, which has caused an increase in temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, as well as an increase in the frequency of extreme phenomena such as droughts and heat waves. Although the vine is considered a drought-tolerant specie, it has to satisfy important water requirements to complete its cycle, which coincides with the hottest and driest months. Achieving sustainable viticulture in this scenario requires high levels of efficiency in the use of water, a scarce resource whose use is expected to be severely restricted in the near future. In this regard, the use of drought-tolerant varieties that are able to maintain grape yield and quality could be an effective strategy to face this change. During three consecutive seasons (2018-2020) the behavior in rainfed regime of 13 traditional red grapevine varieties of the Spain central region was studied. These varieties were cultivated in a collection at Centro de Investigación de la Vid y el Vino de Castilla-La Mancha (IVICAM-IRIAF) located in Tomelloso (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Yield components (yield, mean bunch and berry weight, pruning weight), physicochemical parameters of the musts (brix degree, total acidity, pH) and some physiological parameters related with water stress during ripening period (δ13C, δ18O) were analysed. The application of different statistical techniques to the results showed the existence of significant differences between varieties in their response to stressful conditions. A few varieties highlighted for their high ability to adapt to drought, being able to maintain high yields due to their efficiency in the use of water. In addition, it was possible quantify to what extent climate can be a determinant in the δ18O of musts under severe water stress conditions.

Caratteristiche fisico-chimiche dei suoli coltivati a vite e loro influenza nella diffusione del mal dell’esca

Il mal dell’esca é una malattia della vite della quale sono state studiate sintomatologia, eziologia, patogenesi ed epidemiologia. Essendo una malattia che colpisce soprattutto la parte epigea delle piante, le caratteristiche dei suoli non sono mai state considerate fra le responsabili della sua insorgenza e diffusione.

Effect Of Grape Polysaccharides On The Volatile Composition Of Red Wines

Yeast mannoproteins and derivates are polysaccharides produced from the cell walls of different yeast strains widely used in the winemaking and finning of wines to improve their overall stability and sensory properties.

Further insight on the use of yeast derivative products as alcoholic fermentation enhancers

Issues that can arise during the alcoholic fermentation are frequently attributed to imbalances or deficiencies in the nutrient composition of the fermentation medium.