IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 A methyl salicylate glycoside mapping of monovarietal Italian white wines.

A methyl salicylate glycoside mapping of monovarietal Italian white wines.

Abstract

Among the main plant secondary metabolites, glycosides have a key-role in wine chemistry. Glycosides are non-volatile complex composed of a non-sugar component (aglycone) bound to one or more carbohydrates. The hydrolysis of glycosides occurs mainly during the fermentation due to the enzymatic activity, and during the storage as a consequence of pH and temperature conditions. In the last scenario, the gradual release of aglycones contributes to the aroma evolution of wine. Methyl salicylate (MeSa) is a plant metabolite known to be a chemical marker of several cryptogamic diseases1; however, it can be also found in wines produced from healthy grapes, whose presence provides a pleasant wintergreen and balsamic nuance, especially in aged wines2,3. This volatile odor-active ester can be found, mainly bound to glycosides, into the skin and the stem of the grapes. MeSa in the free form is frequently present under the sensory threshold while in some red and white varieties it can exceed the olfactory threshold. In our previous works MeSa have been found in relevant content, both in bound and free form, in some genetically related Italian varieties such as Trebbiano di Lugana, Trebbiano di Soave (both employed in the production of Lugana wines), and Verdicchio. In this research a straightforward filter-and-shot LC-MS/MS method was used for the determination of 7 different MeSa glycosides in 246 samples representative of 18 different monovarietal Italian white wines. Thanks to the minimized sample preparation procedure (wines were only filtered at 0.45 µm) this method allowed a reliable quantification of the analytes without wasting time, energy, and solvents, in total agreement with the Green Analytical Chemistry principles. Analysis were performed using an AB Sciex QTrap 6500+ both in positive and negative mode, equipped with a Waters Acquity C18 HSS-T3 150 mm x 2.1 mm x 1.8 µm column working at 0.28 mL*min-1. Glycosides of interest were MeSa 2-O-β-D-glucoside, MeSa 2-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1à6)-β-D glucopyranoside, MeSa 2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1à6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, MeSa 2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1à6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, MeSa 2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1à6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, MeSa 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1à6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and MeSa 2-O-β-D-xylnopyranosyl(1à2)[O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1à6)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. MeSa glycosides were found in Verdicchio and Lugana wines, in accordance with literature2,3, whereas where found for the first time in Garganega and Erbaluce varieties. The knowledge of the concentration of MeSa glycosides could be considered a potential predictor of the potential balsamic evolution of white wines. Further details are currently under investigation. Acknowledgments: MIUR project PRIN n. 2017RXFFRR.

References

1 Poitou, Xavier, Pascaline Redon, Alexandre Pons, Emilie Bruez, Laurent Delière, Axel Marchal, Céline Cholet, Laurence Geny-Denis, and Philippe Darriet. 2021. “Methyl Salicylate, a Grape and Wine Chemical Marker and Sensory Contributor in Wines Elaborated from Grapes Affected or Not by Cryptogamic Diseases.” Food Chemistry 360 (October): 130120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130120.
2 Carlin, Silvia, Domenico Masuero, Graziano Guella, Urska Vrhovsek, and Fulvio Mattivi. 2019. “Methyl Salicylate Glycosides in Some Italian Varietal Wines.” Molecules 24 (18): 3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183260.
3 Slaghenaufi, Davide, Giovanni Luzzini, Jessica Samaniego Solis, Filippo Forte, and Maurizio Ugliano. 2021. “Two Sides to One Story—Aroma Chemical and Sensory Signature of Lugana and Verdicchio Wines.” Molecules 26 (8): 2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082127.

DOI:

Publication date: June 23, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Piergiovanni Maurizio1, Carlin Silvia2, Masuero Domenico2, Rolle Luca3, Rio Segade Susana3, Slaghenaufi Davide4, Ugliano Maurizio4, Marangon Matteo5, Curioni Andrea5, Parpinello Giuseppina Paola6, Versari Andrea6, Piombino Paola7, Pittari Elisabetta7, Mattivi Fulvio1 and Vrhovsek Urska2

1Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento
2Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Italy
3Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Italy
4Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
5Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
6Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
7Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy

Contact the author

Keywords

Methyl salicylate, glycosides, aglycones, monovarietal, white-wines 

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Soil quality in Beaujolais vineyard. Importance of pedology and cultural practices

A pedological study was carried out from 2009 to 2017 in Beaujolais vineyard, to improve physical and chemical knowledge of soils. It was completed in 2016 and 2017 by the current study, dealing with microbial aspects, in order to build a reference frame for improved advice in soil management. Microbial biomass was measured on representative plots of the six most common soil types identified in Beaujolais and, for each soil type, on plots with different levels of the main impacting parameters: total organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity, extractable copper. A total of 59 soil samples were collected. Confirming the results of various trials carried out in Beaujolais over the past 20 years, the results of the present study showed that the soils were still alive, but exhibited a large variability of biological parameters, which appeared dependant on both pedological and anthropic factors. Therefore, a good interpretation of biological parameters and advice for vine growers must rely on a pedologically-based referential with differentiated main driving factors. For example, the control of pH is of primary importance in granitic soils and in no way organic matter addition can improve soil quality if pH is too low. Conversely, in calcareous soils, biological parameters are more directly affected by direct or indirect (cover crops for example) inputs of organic matter. The use of biological parameters, such as microbial biomass, is of great potential value to improve advice on agro-viticultural practices (soil management, fertilization, liming, etc.), basis of a sustainable wine production on fragile soils.

Read More

A spatial explicit inventory of EU wine protected designation of origin to support decision making in a changing climate

Winemaking areas recognized as protected designations of origin (PDOs) shape important economic, environmental and cultural values that are tied to closely defined geographic locations. To preserve wine products and wine-growing practices adopted in different PDOs these areas are strictly regulated by legal specifications. However, quality viticulture is increasingly under pressure from climate change, which is altering the local conditions of many winegrowing areas. Therefore, maintaining traditional wine products will require the adoption of tailored adaptation strategies, including possible changes in the legal regulation of protected wines. To this end, it is necessary to have a comprehensive knowledge on PDOs including their extension, products and allowed practices. While there have been efforts to build databases that summarize the characteristics for individual wine PDO areas and to quantify the related effects of climate change, much information is still included only in the official documentation of the EU geographical indication register and has never been collected in a comprehensive manner. With this study we aim at filling this gap by building a spatial inventory of European wine PDOs that supports decision making in viticulture in the context of climate change. To map and characterize European wine PDOs, we analysed their legal documents and extracted relevant information useful for climate change adaptation. The output consists of a comprehensive geographical dataset that identifies the boundaries of all 1200 European wine PDOs at unprecedented spatial resolution and includes a set of legally binding regulations, such as authorized vine varieties, maximum yields and planting density. The inventory will allow researchers to analyse the impacts of climate change on European wine PDOs and support decision makers in developing tailored adaptation strategies. This includes, among others, the evaluation of new vineyard site selection, the expansion of cultivated varieties or the authorization of irrigation in vineyards.

Read More

Effect of fertigation strategies to adapt PGI Côtes de Gascogne production to hot vintage

The development of fertigation could be a possible solution to adapt PGI Côtes de Gascogne (south-western France) wine production to climate change. The goal would be to limit the negative effects of water stress on yield performance expectation (around 15 tons per hectare) and to make the use of fertilizers more efficient. This study aimed to compare the effects of three strategies of water and minerals supply on grapes and wines qualities. Two fertigation practices were compared to a rainfed control which is the current standard of the local grape growing production. The fertilizers (nitrogen and potassium) were (i) fully brought by irrigation pipe during the season, (ii) partially brought by irrigation pipe and partially on the soil or (iii) fully brought on the soil at the beginning of the season for the non-irrigated control (local standard). The trial was run on cv. Colombard trained on spur pruned with vertical shoot positioning system on a sandy-silty-clay soil over the 2020 vintage which was particularly hot for the region. Moderate to strong water deficit appeared during the growing period of the berries and held on after veraison. Irrigation strategies allowed for maintaining grapevine without water deficit and being significantly different from the control water status. Grapevine with fully or partial fertigation strategies produced 25% more yield mainly due to the increase of the bunch weight. Also, the fully fertigation showed the best ratio between yield and maturity and brought 30% less of fertilizers (both nitrogen and potassium) than the two other strategies. Finally, the analysis of aromatic compounds in Colombard wines, varietal thiols family, showed the same level of concentrations for the 3 treatments, confirming that the yield performance did not impact the aromatic potential in this trial.

Read More

Climate ethnography and wine environmental futures

Globalisation and climate change have radically transformed world wine production upsetting the established order of wine ecologies. Ecological risks and the future of traditional agricultural systems are widely debated in anthropology, but very little is understood of the particular challenges posed by climate change to viticulture which is seen by many as the canary in the coalmine of global agriculture. Moreover, wine as a globalised embedded commodity provides a particularly telling example for the study of climate change having already attracted early scientific attention. Studies of climate change in viticulture have focused primarily on the production of systematic models of adaptation and vulnerability, while the human and cultural factors, which are key to adaptation and sustainable futures, are largely missing. Climate experts have been unanimous in recognising the urgent need for a better understanding of the complex dynamics that shape how climate change is experienced and responded to by human systems. Yet this call has not yet been addressed. Climate ethnography, coined by the anthropologist Susan Crate (2011), aims to bridge this growing disjuncture between climate science and everyday life through the exploration of the social meaning of climate change. It seeks to investigate the confrontation of its social salience in different locations and under different environmental guises (Goodman 2018: 340). By understanding how wine producers make sense of the world (and the environment) and act in it, it proposes to focus on the co-production of interdisciplinary knowledge by identifying and foreshadowing problems (Goodman 2018: 342; Goodman & Marshall 2018). It seeks to offer an original, transformative and contrasted perspective to climate change scenarios by investigating human agency -individual or collective- in all its social, political and cultural diversity. An anthropological approach founded on detailed ethnographies of wine production is ideally placed to address economic, social and cultural disruptions caused by the emergence of these new environmental challenges. Indeed, the community of experts in environmental change have recently called for research that will encompass the human dimension and for more broad-based, integrated through interdisciplinarity, useful knowledge (Castree & al 2014). My paper seeks to engage with climate ethnography and discuss what it brings to the study of wine environmental futures while exploring the limitations of the anthropological environmental approach.

Read More

Bioclimatic shifts and land use options for Viticulture in Portugal

Land use, plays a relevant role in the climatic system. It endows means for agriculture practices thus contributing to the food supply. Since climate and land are closely intertwined through multiple interface processes, climate change may lead to significant impacts in land use. In this study, 1-km observational gridded datasets are used to assess changes in the Köppen–Geiger and Worldwide Bioclimatic (WBCS)

Read More