IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 Effect of the plant sink/source balance on the chemical content of red table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).

Effect of the plant sink/source balance on the chemical content of red table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).

Abstract

PPhloem transport of assimilates provides the materials needed for the growth and development of reproductive structures, storage and developing organs, and has long been recognized as a major determinant in crop yield. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms and regulations of sugar transport into sink tissues has an important basic and applied relevance. The grapevine is a good example of a crop where sugar accumulation in the fruit has an important economic role. Massive sugar transport and compartmentation into the grape berry mesocarp cells (up to 1 M glucose and fructose) start at veraison and continues until the harvest. Sucrose transported in the phloem is cleaved into hexoses by invertases and stored in the vacuole. The sugar content determines the sweetness of table grapes and regulates gene expression, including, for example, several genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites which contribute to grape quality. Many viticultural practices affect source/sink relationships, thus altering sugar concentration in the berry.  Considering this, the aim of this work was determined the effect of change of source/sink relations by using treatments of cluster thinning, cane girdling and leaf removal, on anthocyanin and volatile composition in grape berries during ripening. Berry grapes from varieties Red Globe and TimcoTM, cultivated in the same place under the 3 agronomical treatments (cluster thinning, cane girdling and leaf removal) were sampled from veraison to commercial maturity each ≈10-12 days. The anthocyanin composition was analyzed spectrophotometrically and by HPLC-DAD [1]. The volatile profiles from grapes were analyzed employing for the extraction solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [2]. For both varieties, cluster thinning affect the concentration of total soluble solids and some anthocyanins in relation with the control, increasing their concentration. In relation with volatile compounds forty-one volatile compounds were determined in the two grape varieties analyzed. Among them, the terpene chemical group was the most abundant (qualitatively), accounting for 14 compounds, followed by aldehydes (13), alcohols (9), ketones (3), C13-norisoprenoids (1), and acids (1). Both varieties presented a different behavior in the evolution for the total volatiles during ripening, with a decrease during ripening for Red Globe and an increase in the case of TimcoTM berries. Except for esters with an increase in the treatment with cluster thinning and cane girdling respect the control for TimcoTM samples at commercial maturity, no effect was observed for the rest of the volatile chemical groups among the treatments. Data suggest that use of some of the plant management practices studied may improve berry color, but with a very low and/or inconsistent impact of the plant sink/source on the berry volatile fraction.

References

[1].Cortiella, MG; Ubeda, C; del Barrio-Galan, R; Pena-Neira, A. 2020. Impact of berry size at harvest on red wine composition: a winemaker’s approach. Journal of the Science of Food and agriculture. 100(2):836-845
[2]. Ubeda, C.; Gil i Cortiella, M.; Villalobos-González, L.; Gómez, C.
Pastenes, C.; Peña-Neira, Á. 2020. Ripening and Storage Time Effects on the Aromatic Profile of New Table Grape Cultivars in Chile. Molecules, 25(24), 5790.

DOI:

Publication date: June 24, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Poster

Authors

Peña-Neira Alvaro1, Vega Rommyna1, Gil i Cortella Mariona2, Gomez-Celis Camila1, Ubeda-Aguilera Cristina2, Villalobos Luis3 and Pastenes Claudio3

1Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile.
2Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile
3Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile.

Contact the author

Keywords

Red Globe; TimcoTM; phenolic compounds; aroma; anthocyanins.

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

THE ROLE OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANINS AND TANNINS: RESULTS, PERSPECTIVES OF A MORE POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION

The composition of grape berry cell walls was studied on two grape varieties, two years and two maturation levels at the same time as the extraction of anthocyanins and tannins. The chemical composition of skins, seeds, and pulps, focused on polyphenols and polysaccharides, was compared to the chemical composition in polyphenols after extraction from the skins in model solutions or after wine making of the berries. Polyphenols were mainly characterized by UPLC-MS and HPLC-SEC. Polysaccharides were characterized by analysis of the neutral sugar compositions, and also by the CoMPP (comprehensive micropolymer profiling) analysis, a new method which targets the functional groups of cell wall polysaccharides.

CONTRIBUTION OF VOLATILE THIOLS TO THE AROMA OF RIESLING WINES FROM THREE REGIONS IN GERMANY AND FRANCE (RHEINGAU, MOSEL, AND ALSACE)

Riesling wines are appreciated for their diverse aromas, ranging from the fruity fresh characters in young vintages to the fragrant empyreumatic notes developed with aging. Wine tasters often refer to Riesling wines as prime examples showcasing terroir, with their typical aroma profiles reflecting the geographical provenance of the wine. However, the molecular basis of the distinctive aromas of these varietal wines from major Riesling producing regions in Europe have not been fully elucidated. In this study, new lights were shed on the chemical characterization and the sensory contribution of volatile thiols to Riesling wines from Rheingau, Mosel, and Alsace. First, Riesling wines (n = 46) from the three regions were collected and assessed for their aroma typicality by an expert panel.

The effect of pedoclimatic conditions on the yeast assimilable nitrogen concentration on white cv. Doral in Switzerland

Aims: Agroscope investigated the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization via foliar urea application at veraison with the aim of raising the YAN (yeast assimilable nitrogen) content in the musts. The observations were conducted on the white grapevine cultivar Doral (Chasselas x Chardonnay) in several pedoclimatic conditions of the Leman wine region, Switzerland, in the years 2012 and 2013. Knowing that the YAN in must plays a key role in wine quality, the aim was finding the main parameters affecting the final YAN level in order to better control them.

Intelligent use of ethanol for the direct quantitative determination of volatile compounds in spirit drinks

The quality of any alcoholic beverage depends on many parameters, such as cultivars, harvesting time, fermentation, distillation technology used, quality and type of wooden barrels (in case of matured drinks), etc.; however, the most important factor in their classification is content of volatile compounds.

Can minimal pruning be a strategy to adapt grape ripening to global warming?

Berry maturation in warm areas takes place very early, when temperatures are still high and favorable for carbohydrate synthesis and accumulation in the berries, but not as favorable for maintaining high titratable acidity or low pH, or for increasing berry polyphenol content. Different canopy management techniques have been proven to delay berry maturation at the expense of yield (severe canopy trimming, late spring pruning to induce sprouting of dormant buds, etc.). Minimal pruning delays berry ripening by highly increasing yield and by reducing the leaf area to fruit ratio.