terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Impact of temperature and solar radiation on grape composition variability in the Saint-Emilion winegrowing area 

Impact of temperature and solar radiation on grape composition variability in the Saint-Emilion winegrowing area 

Abstract

Grape composition is strongly influenced by climate conditions. Their expected modifications in near future, notably because of increased temperatures, could significantly modify the biochemical composition of berries at harvest, and thus wine typicity and quality. Elevated temperatures favor sugar accumulation in grapes, enhance malic acid degradation and modify the amino acid content. They also reduce significantly anthocyanin accumulation in Merlot,leading to the imbalance between anthocyanins and sugars, while no significant effects on final anthocyanin levels were reported in Tempranillo[1] and finally affect aromas or aroma precursors. However, at local scale, several other environmental factors also contribute to the overall berry composition variability between nearby vineyards and the impact of each individual factor is difficult to identify. In this context, the objective of our study was to clarify the effect of temperature variability across a network of vineyards from the Saint-Emilion and Pomerol wine producing areas, by selecting well-characterized Merlot plots presenting significant temperature differences and gradients at various time scales linked to environmental factors[2].

The selected sites were characterized by similar soils, vine age and training system. The average temperature difference during the ripening period was about 2°C between the coldest and warmest sites. Samples of 20 to 50 berries were collected at different phenological stages from véraison to maturity in 2019 and 2020. In order to further investigate the putative impact of cluster exposure to solar radiation, the biochemical composition of berries in clusters from each side of differently oriented rows (E/W or N/S) was evaluated separately and combined with RNA-seq technology to screen differentially expressed genes at the transcriptome level.

Results showed significant effects on grape composition and gene expression profiles in relation with temperature, site, and bunch azimuth, with a noteworthy impact of temperature and solar radiation exposure on anthocyanin content in grape skins.

Acknowledgements: this project was supported by “Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bordeaux “ (CIVB) n°51640/18008/9/10

References :

  1. Arrizabalaga-Arriazu, M. et al, (2020). High temperature and elevated CO2 modify berry composition of different clones of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo, Front. Plant Sci. dec 2020, 11:603687. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603687
  2. de Rességuier L et al (2020). Temperature variability at local scale in the Bordeaux area. Relations with environmental factors and impact on vine phenology. Front Plant Sci. may 20,11:515. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00515

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Ghislaine Hilbert-Masson1, Christel Renaud1, Philippe Pieri1, Laure de Rességuier1, Cécile Thibon2, Céline Cholet2, David Lecourieux1, Sabine Guillaumie1, Nathalie Ollat1

1 EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
2 Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France / Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33170 Gradignan, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

vineyard, Merlot, climate change, solar radiation, metabolites, anthocyanins

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Green pruning of shoots to force new sprouting of buds, in fruit set and in pea size: vegetative, productive and maturation effects, in cv. Verdejo

The context of climate crisis leads to the acceleration of technological ripening of grapes, with unsuitable loss of acidity, so various vineyard management alternatives are being considered to delay the grape ripening. The delay of the vegetative cycle towards a period of milder temperatures affects ripening, but vine behavior can vary according to the area, conduction, watering, variety, etc. A work is proposed to know the response to the green pruning of shoots, executed in fruit set and in pea size, in cv. Verdejo.

Read More

Volatilome in grapevine leaves is defined by the variety and modulated by mycorrhizal symbiosis

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) constitute a diverse group of secondary metabolites key for the communication of plants with other organisms and for their adaptation to environmental and biotic stresses. The emission of these compounds through leaves is also affected by the interaction of plants with symbiotic microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) among them [1]. Our objective was to know the concentration and profile of VOCs emitted by the leaves of two grapevine varieties (Tempranillo, T, and Cabernet Sauvignon, CS, grafted onto R110 rootstocks), inoculated or not with a consortium of five AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus deserticola, Claroideoglomus claroideum and C. etunicatum).

Read More

Optimization of the ripening time of new varieties descendants of Monastrell

Given the impact of climate change on viticulture in the Region of Murcia, this paper attempts to expose the possibility of using genetic improvement as a dilemma that allows access to new descendant varieties of the autochthonous variety Monastrell crossed with varieties such as Syrah and Cabernet. Sauvignon, thus obtaining hybrids (Gebas and Myrtia). In it, the chromatic parameters and the phenolic profile of the new varieties will be compared with those obtained by the Monastrell variety at two moments during maturation (12 and 14 º Baumé), to check if the results would allow earlier harvests in these new varieties thus avoiding the decoupling between phenolic and technological maturity, while improving the quality of grapes and wines.

Read More

Study of Spanish wine sensory analysis data over a 3-year period

This study presents an investigation based on sensory analysis data of Spanish wines with geographical indications collected over a three-year period. Sensory analysis plays a crucial role in assessing the quality, characteristics, and perception of wines. The trained tasting panel at Dolmar Laboratory, accredited for objective sensory evaluation of wines since 2016, has been tasting over 5000 wines. However, it is since 2021, when a computer application for tastings was developed, that the digitalization of data allows for detailed statistical analysis of the results.

Read More

Effects of long-term drought stress on soil microbial communities from a Syrah cultivar vineyard

Changes in the rainfall and temperature patterns affect the increase of drought periods becoming one of the major constraints to assure agricultural and crop resilience in the Mediterranean regions. Beside the adaptation of agricultural practices, also the microbial compartment associated to plants should be considered in the crop management. It is known that the microbial community change according to several factors such as soil composition, agricultural management system, plant variety and rootstock.

Read More