terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Impact of temperature and solar radiation on grape composition variability in the Saint-Emilion winegrowing area 

Impact of temperature and solar radiation on grape composition variability in the Saint-Emilion winegrowing area 

Abstract

Grape composition is strongly influenced by climate conditions. Their expected modifications in near future, notably because of increased temperatures, could significantly modify the biochemical composition of berries at harvest, and thus wine typicity and quality. Elevated temperatures favor sugar accumulation in grapes, enhance malic acid degradation and modify the amino acid content. They also reduce significantly anthocyanin accumulation in Merlot,leading to the imbalance between anthocyanins and sugars, while no significant effects on final anthocyanin levels were reported in Tempranillo[1] and finally affect aromas or aroma precursors. However, at local scale, several other environmental factors also contribute to the overall berry composition variability between nearby vineyards and the impact of each individual factor is difficult to identify. In this context, the objective of our study was to clarify the effect of temperature variability across a network of vineyards from the Saint-Emilion and Pomerol wine producing areas, by selecting well-characterized Merlot plots presenting significant temperature differences and gradients at various time scales linked to environmental factors[2].

The selected sites were characterized by similar soils, vine age and training system. The average temperature difference during the ripening period was about 2°C between the coldest and warmest sites. Samples of 20 to 50 berries were collected at different phenological stages from véraison to maturity in 2019 and 2020. In order to further investigate the putative impact of cluster exposure to solar radiation, the biochemical composition of berries in clusters from each side of differently oriented rows (E/W or N/S) was evaluated separately and combined with RNA-seq technology to screen differentially expressed genes at the transcriptome level.

Results showed significant effects on grape composition and gene expression profiles in relation with temperature, site, and bunch azimuth, with a noteworthy impact of temperature and solar radiation exposure on anthocyanin content in grape skins.

Acknowledgements: this project was supported by “Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bordeaux “ (CIVB) n°51640/18008/9/10

References :

  1. Arrizabalaga-Arriazu, M. et al, (2020). High temperature and elevated CO2 modify berry composition of different clones of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo, Front. Plant Sci. dec 2020, 11:603687. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603687
  2. de Rességuier L et al (2020). Temperature variability at local scale in the Bordeaux area. Relations with environmental factors and impact on vine phenology. Front Plant Sci. may 20,11:515. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00515

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Ghislaine Hilbert-Masson1, Christel Renaud1, Philippe Pieri1, Laure de Rességuier1, Cécile Thibon2, Céline Cholet2, David Lecourieux1, Sabine Guillaumie1, Nathalie Ollat1

1 EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
2 Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France / Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33170 Gradignan, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

vineyard, Merlot, climate change, solar radiation, metabolites, anthocyanins

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Predicting provenance and grapevine cultivar implementing machine learning on vineyard soil microbiome data: implications in grapevine breeding

The plant rhizosphere microbial communities are an essential component of plant microbiota, which is crucial for sustaining the production of healthy crops. The main drivers of the composition of such communities are the growing environment and the planted genotype. Recent viticulture studies focus on understanding the effects of these factors on soil microbial composition since microbial biodiversity is an important determinant of plant phenotype, and of wine’s organoleptic properties. Microbial biodiversity of different wine regions, for instance, is an important determinant of wine terroir.

Read More

Preliminary results of water status and metabolite content of three new crossbreed winegrape genotypes

This study presents the preliminary results obtained in 2022, of the evaluation of three new crossbreed winegrape genotypes and their parental varieties, grown under controlled irrigation (60% ETc) and rainfed conditions in a wine-growing area with scarcity of water and high temperatures (Murcia, southeast Spain). The genotypes MC16 and MC80 were obtained from crosses between the varieties ‘Monastrell’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and MS104 from crosses between ‘Monastrell’ and ‘Syrah’ [1]. The objective of this study was to analyse the physiological response and vegetative development of the 6 genotypes under the two irrigation conditions, and to study their effect on the content of soluble sugars and chlorophyll in the leaf.

Read More

The characterization of Vitis vinifera L cv. Cabernet sauvignon: the contribution of Ecklonia maxima seaweed extract

Biostimulants and biofertilizers are considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic fertilizers, plant growth regulators and crop improvement products. Broadly, plant biostimulants are expected to improve nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, quality traits and availability of nutrients in the soil or rhizosphere. Currently, seaweed extracts account for more than 33% of the total plant biostimulant market. Within this category, Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), is the most widely studied and applied in biostimulant formulations.

Read More

Moderate wine consumption – part of a balanced diet or a health risk?

Consumption of wine/alcoholic beverages remains a topic of great uncertainty and controversy worldwide. The term “no safe level” dominates the media communication and policy ever since population studies in 2018 [1,2] were published, which denied the existence of a J-curve and suggested that ANY consumption of an alcoholic beverage is harmful to health. The scientific evidence accumulated during the past decades about the health benefits of moderate wine consumption, were questioned and drinking guidelines considered to be too loose.

Read More

Cumulative effect of deficit irrigation and salinity on vine responses

Climate change is increasing water needs in most of the wine growing regions while reducing the availability and quality of water resources for irrigation. In this context, the sustainability of Mediterranean viticulture depends on grapevine responses to the combinations of water and salt stress. With this aim, this work studies the effects of deficit irrigation and salinity on the physiology of the Tempranillo cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto a drought and salinity tolerant rootstock (1103 Paulsen).

Read More