terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Evaluation of phenology, agronomic and oenological quality in minority wine varieties in Madrid as a strategy for adaptation to climate change

Evaluation of phenology, agronomic and oenological quality in minority wine varieties in Madrid as a strategy for adaptation to climate change

Abstract

The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) and the fruit composition of 34 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their cultivation potential and help winegrowers adapt their production systems to climate change conditions. In total, 4 control cultivars, and 30 minority varieties from central Spain were studied during a period of 3 campaigns, in the ampelographic collection “El Encín”, in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Agronomic and oenological characteristics such as yield, and total soluble solids concentration have been monitored.

Periods of expression of the main phenological stages were identified; sprouting, for 3 to 4 weeks; 9 days of flowering, appearance of veraison for 4 weeks and a sprouting period to harvest that occurs between 20 and 30 weeks. The results allow us to classify the varieties, according to the moment of their maturation (early, medium, and late in all varieties, plus very early and very late, in red varieties only) and with an average yield per plant (low, medium, and high) ranging from 200 to 1,200 g/plant.  

The reduction of the usual phenology periods and decrease in the acidity of musts, increase in pH, and concentration of sugars early, are considered negative effects of climate change [1]. The composition of the fruit is reflected in the concentration of ºBrix, which ranged from 15.8 – 27.1 ºBrix; pH, from 2.90 and 4.19; total acidity between 1.48 and 6.83 g/L of tartaric acid and malic acid between 0.16 and 3.70 g/L. Minority varieties tend to thrive in increasingly warm conditions, with periods of late sprouting and early ripening, which can help combat the risk of late frosts [2].

It is suggested that late or very late ripening varieties, which currently manage to ripen in warm conditions, with a sufficient accumulation of total soluble solids (20-22 ºBrix), high acidity values, and yields higher than 0.5 kg/plant, can be cultivated as new plant material for the mitigation of the effects of climate change in the viticulture of central Spain.

Acknowledgments: Project RTI2018-101085-R-C31 (MINORVIN) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe. F.E.E-R. has received a grant (PRE2019-089073) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and ESF Investing in your future.

References:

1)  Muñoz-Organero, G. et al. (2022). Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

2)  Clingeleffer, P.R. & Davis, H.P. (2022). Assessment of phenology, growth characteristics and berry composition in a hot Australian climate to identify wine cultivars adapted to climate change. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research., 28: 255-275, DOI: 10.1111/ajgw.12544

DOI:

Publication date: October 11, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Espinosa-Roldán F. E.1*, Muñoz-Organero G.1, Martinez De Toda F.2, Crespo García J.1, Fernandez-Pastor M.1, Sanchez V. 1, Cabello F.1, García-Díaz A.1

1Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
2ICVV (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), c/ Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain

Contact the author*

Keywords

phenology, climate change, minority grape varieties, ripeness

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Conventional and alternative pest management strategies: a comparative proteomic study on musts

In a context of sustainable agriculture, “agroecological immunity” is an emerging concept to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to protect crops against pathogens. This alternative strategy aims to combine different levers including the use of “bio”solutions. These include biocontrol products, some of which being plant defense elicitors, as well as products authorized in organic farming such as copper or sulfur. In vineyards, depending on climate conditions, powdery and downy mildews can be devastating diseases.

Read More

Effects of laccase from Botrytis cinerea on the oxidative degradation kinetics of the five natural grape anthocyanins

Enzymatic browning[1] is an oxidation process that occurs in many foods that increases the brown colour[2]. This problem is especially harmful in the wine industry[3]. especially when the grapes are infected by grey rot since this fung release the oxidative enzyme laccase[4]. In the particular case of red wines, the presence of laccase implies the deterioration of the red colour and can even cause the precipitation of the coloring matter (oxidasic haze)[5].

Read More

Biodiversity and biocontrol ability of Trichoderma natural populations in soil vineyards from Castilla y León region (Spain)

Trichoderma is a microorganism present in many agricultural soils and some of its species could be used as natural biological control agents. In this work, the presence of natural populations of Trichoderma was estimated in soil vineyard and its biocontrol capacity against Phaeoacremonium minimum, one of the main agent causals of grapevine trunk diseases instead of using pesticides. Moreover, physicochemical variables in soil such as pH, organic matter and nutrients were evaluated to determine a possible correlation to natural populations of Trichoderma.

Read More

Effect of rising atmospheric CO2 levels on grapevine yield and composition by the middle of the 21st century: what can we learn from the VineyardFACE?

Atmospheric CO2 levels have been rising continuously since the industrial revolution, affecting crop physiology, yield and quality of harvest products, and grapevine is no exception [1]. Most of previously reported studies used potted plants in controlled environments, and explored grapevine response to relatively high CO2 levels, 700 ppm or more. The vineyardFACE, established in Geisenheim in 2012, uses a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system to simulate a moderate (ambient +20%) increase in atmospheric CO2 in a vineyard planted with cvs. Cabernet-Sauvignon and Riesling grafted on rootstock 161-49 Couderc and SO4, respectively.

Read More

Phenolic composition profile of cv. Tempranillo wines obtained from severe shoot pruning vines under semiarid conditions

One of the limitations of vineyards in warm areas is the loss of wine quality due to higher temperatures during the grape ripening period. In order to adapt the vineyards to these new climatic conditions, a possible solution is to delay the ripening process of the grapes towards periods with milder temperatures, by means of management practices and thus improve the quality of the fruit and the wine produced. The technique of severe shoot pruning (SSP) has proven useful in achieving this objective.

Read More