Spatial variability of grape berry maturation program at the molecular level 

DNA-binding proteins play a pivotal role in critical cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, repair, and other essential activities. Consequently, investigating the interactions between DNA and proteins is of paramount importance to gain insights into these fundamental cellular mechanisms. Several methodologies have been devised to uncover DNA-protein interactions, which can be broadly categorized into two approaches. The “protein-centered” approach focuses on identifying the DNA sequences bound by a specific transcription factor or a set of TFs. Techniques falling within this category include chromatin immunoprecipitation, and protein-binding microarrays.

The movement of Natural wines has clearly increased in the last few years, to reach a high demand from consumers nowadays. Switzerland has not been left out of this movement and has created a dedicated association in 2021. This association has the ambition to develop a specific tasting sheet for natural wines. The study of the tasting notes shows that the olfactory description of wines is recent but predominant today. But wine is a product makes to be drunk and not (just) to smell it. Based on these findings, a new 100-point tasting sheet has been developed. The main characteristics are 1) an evaluation in the mouth before the description of the olfaction, 2) to give 50% of the points on the judgment for the mouth characteristics, 3) to pejorate the visual aspects only if the wine is judged as “not drinkable” and 4) to express personal emotions.

Temperature has a decisive influence on the growth and development of plants (Carbonneau et al., 1992). In particular, in the case of the vine, the temperature is an omnipresent variable in the climatic indices (Huglin, 1986). For reasons of convenience, these indices use the temperature of the air measured under shelter in a meteorological station, making the implicit hypothesis of a concordance between this temperature and that of the sites of perception of the thermal stimulus by the plant. However, development may be more dependent on soil temperature than air temperature (Kliewer, 1975). Morlat (1989) thus verified that the variability in the precocity of the vine, positively correlated with the quality of the harvest and of the wine in the Loire Valley, was mainly explained by differences in temperature of the root zones.

During wine aging many compositional changes take place. In particular, aroma undergoes dramatic modifications through a wide range of reactions that to date are only partly understood. Italy owns one of the largest ampelographic heritages worldwide, with over three-hundred different varieties. Among these, many white grapes are employed for the production of dry still white wines. Some of these wines are consumed young while others are more prone to aging. For many of these wines, the aging patterns related to volatile composition are still unknown.

Dans de précédents travaux sur le zonage “GRANDE ZONAZIONE” (GZ) (“Grand Zonage”), on a traité, entre autre, de la “GRANDE FILIERA” (GF) (Grande filière) où parmi les 54 descripteurs prévus pour lire et évaluer par exemple un zonage, sont compris aussi la Communication