Holistic characterization of Sangiovese clones 

Abstract

Sangiovese is one of Italy’s most cultivated grape varieties, and currently, over 130 different clones are registered in the national register of grape varieties. However, despite the sangiovese genome having been re-sequenced, limited molecular and genomic information is still available for this cultivar. The present study investigates the complexity of genotype-environment interactions of ten different sangiovese clones, cultivated in the chianti rufina DOCG district over five consecutive vintages (2016-2020). The clones have been evaluated for yield components, grape maturity, and phenolic profiles, applying methods including hplc and spectrophotometry. Significant clonal variability for berry weight, sugar content, and anthocyanin levels has been recorded and correlated to environmental conditions marked by variable climatic years.  Additionally, the ten clones were genetically characterized through whole-genome resequencing using illumina hiseq technology in paired-end 150bp mode to achieve a coverage of 60x per sample. Comparative bioinformatic analyses identified 251,317 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), 10,885 insertions/deletions (in/dels), 1,948 duplications (dups), and 356 inversions (invs), among the ten genotypes, located in annotated coding regions of vitis vinifera reference genome sequence. These genetic variants represent the starting point for the molecular characterization of sangiovese genome peculiarities, compared to the reference genome, for the development of assays for intra-varietal discrimination, and the identification of potential genetic bases underlying the phenotypic differences exhibited by the clones and their capacity to respond, for example, to the new environmental condition due to climate change.

Caratterizzazione olistica dei cloni di Sangiovese 

Il sangiovese rappresenta una delle varietà italiane più coltivate e oltre 130 differenti cloni sono iscritti al registro nazionale delle varietà di vite. Nonostante il genoma della Sangiovese sia stato ri-sequenziato, sono limitate informazioni molecolari e genomiche per questa cultivar. Il presente lavoro studia la complessità delle interazioni genotipo-ambiente di dieci diversi cloni di Sangiovese, coltivati nel distretto DOCG di chianti rufina durante cinque vendemmie consecutive (2016-2020). I cloni sono stati valutati per tratti produttivi e qualitativi, inclusi resa, indici di maturazione e profili fenolici, analizzati attraverso vari metodi, tra cui hplc e spettrofotometria. Dai risultati è emersa una significativa variabilità clonale in fattori come il peso delle bacche, il contenuto di zuccheri e i livelli di antociani. Un alto livello di correlazione è stato calcolato tra tali caratteristiche e le variabili climatiche che contraddistinguevano gli anni considerati.  Inoltre, i dieci cloni sono stati caratterizzati geneticamente attraverso il ri-sequenziamento del genoma, utilizzando la tecnologia illumina hiseq in modalità paired-end 150bp allo scopo di ottenere una copertura di 60x per campione. Le analisi bioinformatiche comparative hanno identificato 251.317 polimorfismi a singolo nucleotide (snp), 10.885 inserzioni/delezioni (in/del), 1.948 duplicazioni (dup) e 356 inversioni (inv) tra i dieci genotipi, localizzati nelle regioni codificanti annotate della sequenza di riferimento di vitis vinifera. Queste varianti genetiche rappresentano il punto di partenza per la caratterizzazione molecolare delle peculiarità del genoma della sangiovese, rispetto al genoma di riferimento, e per lo sviluppo di saggi per la discriminazione intra-varietale e l’identificazione delle potenziali basi genetiche sottostanti le differenze fenotipiche esibite dai cloni e la loro capacità di rispondere, per esempio, a nuove condizioni ambientali dovute al cambiamento climatico.

Caracterización holística de los clones de Sangiovese

El Sangiovese representa una de las variedades italianas más cultivadas y más de 130 diferentes clones están registrados en el registro nacional de variedades de vid. A pesar de que el genoma del Sangiovese ha sido resecuenciado, hay información molecular y genómica limitada para esta cultivar. Para enfrentar los desafíos planteados por el cambio climático, el presente trabajo estudia la complejidad de las interacciones genotipo-ambiente de diez diferentes clones de sangiovese, cultivados en el distrito DOCG de chianti rufina durante cinco cosechas consecutivas (2016-2020). Los clones fueron evaluados por características productivas y cualitativas, incluyendo rendimiento, índices de maduración y perfiles fenólicos, analizados mediante varios métodos, incluidos hplc y espectrofotometría. Los resultados revelaron una variabilidad clonal significativa en factores como el peso de las bayas, el contenido de azúcar y los niveles de antocianinas. Se calculó un alto nivel de correlación entre estas características y las variables climáticas que distinguieron los años considerados. Además, los diez clones fueron caracterizados genéticamente a través del resecuenciamiento del genoma, utilizando la tecnología illumina hiseq en modo paired-end de 150bp con el objetivo de obtener una cobertura de 60x por muestra. Los análisis bioinformáticos comparativos identificaron 251.317 polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (snp), 10.885 inserciones/deleciones (in/del), 1.948 duplicaciones (dup) y 356 inversiones (inv) entre los diez genotipos, localizados en las regiones codificantes anotadas de la secuencia de referencia de vitis vinifera. Estas variantes genéticas representan el punto de partida para la caracterización molecular de las peculiaridades del genoma de Sangiovese, en comparación con el genoma de referencia, para el desarrollo de ensayos de discriminación intravarietal y la identificación de posibles bases genéticas subyacentes a las diferencias fenotípicas exhibidas por los clones y sus capacidad de responder, por ejemplo, a la nueva condición ambiental debida al cambio climático.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Sergio Puccioni¹, Paolo Storchi¹, Agostino Fricano², Simone Garavelloni¹, Alessandra Zombardo¹, Chiara Biselli³

¹CREA-VE, Viale Santa Margherita 80, Arezzo, Italy
²CREA-GB, Via S. Protaso 302, San Protaso (PC), Italy
³CREA-FL, Viale Santa Margherita 80, Arezzo, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Mycotoxin accumulation and the possibilities of biological control of wine production quality

Against the background of climate change and the increasing impact of phytopathogenic agents of mycotic origin on the vine favors the appearance and toxicity of mycotoxins in wine.

Overview on wine and health 32 years after the French paradox 

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are the most abundant and ubiquitous secondary metabolites present in the plant kingdom with more than 8000 phenolic structures currently known. These compounds play an important role in plant growth and reproduction, providing protection against biotic and abiotic stress such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. (poly)phenols are widely distributed in the human diet mainly in plant-derived food and beverages (fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, spices, tea and red wine).

Reviewing the geometry of terraces in the Douro region towards sustainable viticulture

The Douro demarcated region constitutes just over 50% of the area of mountain vineyard in the world, i.e., vineyards with slope gradients of 30% or above. Among the different (terraced) vineyard layouts, the formerly preferred wider terraces supporting two rows of vines and the currently advocated narrower single vine row, dominate the vineyards’ planting layout. The slope of these terraces, in other words, the supporting earth ramp, is a key element in these vineyards’ construction.

Ozone to improve the implantation of Lachancea thermotolerans for improving pH in warm areas in wines with low SO2 levels

Una de las biotecnologías más potentes para disminuir el pH en vinos de zonas cálidas y en variedades de pH elevado es el uso de la levadura no-saccharomyces lachancea thermotolerans. Esta especie es capaz de formar ácido láctico a partir de azúcares, reduciendo al mismo tiempo ligeramente el grado alcohólico. Por lo tanto, mejora dos de los principales problemas de los vinos de regiones afectadas por el calentamiento global. El ácido láctico es un ácido orgánico con una buena integración sensorial en el sabor del vino, y también química y biológicamente estable durante el envejecimiento del vino.

Acumulación de materia seca, orientada a valorar la fijación de carbono, en función del aporte de riego y la pluviometría, en Cabernet-Sauvignon a lo largo de 15 años

The vineyard is capable of fixing carbon in its permanent structure from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the process of gas exchange and the performance of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic capacity of the vineyard depends on the water resources that the plant may have at its disposal, so the amount of dry matter, derived from the processed photosynthates, that it can store will depend on the water regime of the crop, both in the annually renewable organs as in permanent parts.