Holistic characterization of Sangiovese clones 

Abstract

Sangiovese is one of Italy’s most cultivated grape varieties, and currently, over 130 different clones are registered in the national register of grape varieties. However, despite the sangiovese genome having been re-sequenced, limited molecular and genomic information is still available for this cultivar. The present study investigates the complexity of genotype-environment interactions of ten different sangiovese clones, cultivated in the chianti rufina DOCG district over five consecutive vintages (2016-2020). The clones have been evaluated for yield components, grape maturity, and phenolic profiles, applying methods including hplc and spectrophotometry. Significant clonal variability for berry weight, sugar content, and anthocyanin levels has been recorded and correlated to environmental conditions marked by variable climatic years.  Additionally, the ten clones were genetically characterized through whole-genome resequencing using illumina hiseq technology in paired-end 150bp mode to achieve a coverage of 60x per sample. Comparative bioinformatic analyses identified 251,317 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), 10,885 insertions/deletions (in/dels), 1,948 duplications (dups), and 356 inversions (invs), among the ten genotypes, located in annotated coding regions of vitis vinifera reference genome sequence. These genetic variants represent the starting point for the molecular characterization of sangiovese genome peculiarities, compared to the reference genome, for the development of assays for intra-varietal discrimination, and the identification of potential genetic bases underlying the phenotypic differences exhibited by the clones and their capacity to respond, for example, to the new environmental condition due to climate change.

Caratterizzazione olistica dei cloni di Sangiovese 

Il sangiovese rappresenta una delle varietà italiane più coltivate e oltre 130 differenti cloni sono iscritti al registro nazionale delle varietà di vite. Nonostante il genoma della Sangiovese sia stato ri-sequenziato, sono limitate informazioni molecolari e genomiche per questa cultivar. Il presente lavoro studia la complessità delle interazioni genotipo-ambiente di dieci diversi cloni di Sangiovese, coltivati nel distretto DOCG di chianti rufina durante cinque vendemmie consecutive (2016-2020). I cloni sono stati valutati per tratti produttivi e qualitativi, inclusi resa, indici di maturazione e profili fenolici, analizzati attraverso vari metodi, tra cui hplc e spettrofotometria. Dai risultati è emersa una significativa variabilità clonale in fattori come il peso delle bacche, il contenuto di zuccheri e i livelli di antociani. Un alto livello di correlazione è stato calcolato tra tali caratteristiche e le variabili climatiche che contraddistinguevano gli anni considerati.  Inoltre, i dieci cloni sono stati caratterizzati geneticamente attraverso il ri-sequenziamento del genoma, utilizzando la tecnologia illumina hiseq in modalità paired-end 150bp allo scopo di ottenere una copertura di 60x per campione. Le analisi bioinformatiche comparative hanno identificato 251.317 polimorfismi a singolo nucleotide (snp), 10.885 inserzioni/delezioni (in/del), 1.948 duplicazioni (dup) e 356 inversioni (inv) tra i dieci genotipi, localizzati nelle regioni codificanti annotate della sequenza di riferimento di vitis vinifera. Queste varianti genetiche rappresentano il punto di partenza per la caratterizzazione molecolare delle peculiarità del genoma della sangiovese, rispetto al genoma di riferimento, e per lo sviluppo di saggi per la discriminazione intra-varietale e l’identificazione delle potenziali basi genetiche sottostanti le differenze fenotipiche esibite dai cloni e la loro capacità di rispondere, per esempio, a nuove condizioni ambientali dovute al cambiamento climatico.

Caracterización holística de los clones de Sangiovese

El Sangiovese representa una de las variedades italianas más cultivadas y más de 130 diferentes clones están registrados en el registro nacional de variedades de vid. A pesar de que el genoma del Sangiovese ha sido resecuenciado, hay información molecular y genómica limitada para esta cultivar. Para enfrentar los desafíos planteados por el cambio climático, el presente trabajo estudia la complejidad de las interacciones genotipo-ambiente de diez diferentes clones de sangiovese, cultivados en el distrito DOCG de chianti rufina durante cinco cosechas consecutivas (2016-2020). Los clones fueron evaluados por características productivas y cualitativas, incluyendo rendimiento, índices de maduración y perfiles fenólicos, analizados mediante varios métodos, incluidos hplc y espectrofotometría. Los resultados revelaron una variabilidad clonal significativa en factores como el peso de las bayas, el contenido de azúcar y los niveles de antocianinas. Se calculó un alto nivel de correlación entre estas características y las variables climáticas que distinguieron los años considerados. Además, los diez clones fueron caracterizados genéticamente a través del resecuenciamiento del genoma, utilizando la tecnología illumina hiseq en modo paired-end de 150bp con el objetivo de obtener una cobertura de 60x por muestra. Los análisis bioinformáticos comparativos identificaron 251.317 polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (snp), 10.885 inserciones/deleciones (in/del), 1.948 duplicaciones (dup) y 356 inversiones (inv) entre los diez genotipos, localizados en las regiones codificantes anotadas de la secuencia de referencia de vitis vinifera. Estas variantes genéticas representan el punto de partida para la caracterización molecular de las peculiaridades del genoma de Sangiovese, en comparación con el genoma de referencia, para el desarrollo de ensayos de discriminación intravarietal y la identificación de posibles bases genéticas subyacentes a las diferencias fenotípicas exhibidas por los clones y sus capacidad de responder, por ejemplo, a la nueva condición ambiental debida al cambio climático.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Sergio Puccioni¹, Paolo Storchi¹, Agostino Fricano², Simone Garavelloni¹, Alessandra Zombardo¹, Chiara Biselli³

¹CREA-VE, Viale Santa Margherita 80, Arezzo, Italy
²CREA-GB, Via S. Protaso 302, San Protaso (PC), Italy
³CREA-FL, Viale Santa Margherita 80, Arezzo, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Water recharge before budbreak and/or deficit irrigation during summer: agronomic effects on cv. Tempranillo in the D.O. Ribera del Duero

The availability of water in the soil and the water status of the vineyard are proving to be determining factors for crop management in the current context of climatic variation

Developing a multi-hazard risk index-based insurance for viticulture under climate change

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of environmental hazards (e.g., prolonged drought), and even non-extreme climate events (e.g., a period of slightly warmer temperatures) can lead to extreme impacts when they occur simultaneously with other (non-extreme) events.

Wine industry, digital transformation, and sustainability: a systematic literature 

This paper aims to (i) identify the state of the art regarding digital transformation in the transition to sustainability in the wine industry, (ii) analyze the adoption of digital technologies at different stages of the winemaking process and their contribution to the triple bottom line of sustainability, and (iii) present a research agenda that facilitates the development of the field, providing contributions to both literature and managerial practice.

Pharmacological basis of the J-shaped curve in biological effects of wine

The classical pharmacological model assumes that the effect of a drug is proportional to the fraction of receptors occupied by the drug. In the simplest circumstances, the relationship between dose of a drug and response, when plotted on a logarithmic scale for drug concentration, is described by a sigmoidal curve. It presumes the existence of a threshold dose, below which no biological effect appears, and a maximal response in the form of a plateau, when a further increase in the dose of drug has no effect.

Analyzing firms’ dynamic capabilities to identify the actions for a sustainable future of the Italian wine sector

The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, a global plan for a better future, requires actions.