Genetic diversity of Oenococcus oeni strains isolated from Yinchuan wine region in the East of Helan Mountain, China

Commercial red wines use the malolactic fermentation process to ensure stability from a microbiological point of view. In this second fermentation, malic acid is converted into L-lactic acid under controlled steps.

The effect that some extraction techniques, such as ultrasound (Cacciola, Batllò, Ferraretto, Vincenzi, & Celotti, 2013; Povey & McClements, 1988) or microwaves (Carew, Close, & Dambergs, 2015; Carew, Gill, Close, & Dambergs, 2014) produce on the aroma of red wines, when applied to processes of extractive nature, such as pre-fermentative maceration or ageing with oak chips (Spanish oak – Quercus pyrenaica and French oak – Quercus robur) has been studied. The volatile profile was determined by means of gas chromatography coupled with olfactometric and mass spectrometric detection. A sensory analysis was also carried out. No indications were found to show that the pre-fermentative treatment with microwaves or ultrasound modified the sensory profile of the wines whereas the application of such energies during the ageing phase showed some positive trends at sensory level.

Climatic variability studies at fine scale have been developed in recent years with the reduction of material cost and the development of competitive miniaturized sensors. This work is forming part the LIFE-ADVICLIM project, of which one of the objectives is to model spatial temperature variability at vineyard scale. In the Bordeaux pilot site, a large network of data loggers has been set up to record temperature close to the vine canopy. The reduced distance between plant foliage and measurement equipment raises specific issues and leads to an increased rate of outliers compared to data retrieved from classical weather stations. Some of these were detected during data analysis, but others could not be easily identified. The present study aims to address the issue of data quality control and provide recommendations for data processing in climatic studies at fine scale.

The effect of two rootstocks of different drought tolerance (1103 Paulsen and 3309 Couderc) on sap flow, water relations and gas exchange of cv. Xinomavro (Vitis vinifera L.) was investigated during the 2005 season in Naoussa, Greece. Soil was maintained at field capacity for both rootstock treatments until mid July when a restricted water regime was applied by irrigation cutoff. Sap flow diurnals for the Xinomavro-1103P combination showed a rapid decrease of flow after midday, under water stress conditions.

Organic viticulture requires copper based treatments for bunch protection even though an intensive employment is no longer admitted because of its low leaching and phytotoxicity in the soil. UE Reg. 1981/2018 set copper employment to 4 kg/ha for year or 28 during 7 years with an absolute level allowed of 6 Kg/ha although those limits were decreased frequently.