 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

Abstract

AIM: To investigate the impact of spatial variation in vine vigour on the accumulation of methoxypyrazines in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis has been shown to contain significantly higher concentrations of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) than that found in berry material. IBMP is readily extracted from rachis during fermentation and can impact the flavour profile of the produced wine1.

METHODS: Cabernet-Sauvignon vines (n = 105) grown on common rootstocks in Coonawarra, South Australia, were georeferenced and 6 bunches were harvested from each vine at maturity in 2020. Berries were removed and the rachis was analysed for IBMP by GC-MS/MS. Pruning weights were recorded as an indicative measure of vegetative growth over the past season. Visualisation and analysis of map layers was achieved through linear regression models and k-means clustering with the Precision Agriculture Tools plugin2 for QGIS software suite3.

RESULTS: Georeferenced maps of vine vigour and IBMP concentration in rachis showed similar spatial variance and a clear relationship between the two variables was evident across the vineyard. k-Means clustering revealed 3 distinct zones identified as high, medium, or low in both IBMP levels and vine vigour. Although rootstock influenced vine vigour, rootstock effects were much less than the variation in vine vigour caused by inherent vineyard variability, most likely variation in soil depth4. Linear regression between vine vigour and IBMP in rachis showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) and highlighted increases in vine vigour, which increased canopy size and decreased porosity, resulted in an increase of IBMP in rachis.

CONCLUSIONS

Vine vigour significantly correlates with IBMP in Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis. Their similar patterns of within-vineyard variation provide opportunities for grape growers to implement targeted management of vineyards in a zonal fashion.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Ross Sanders

Ross, SANDERS, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food,Paul, BOSS, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, and Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide Dimitra, CAPONE, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide Catherine, KIDMAN, Wynns Coonawarra Estate Rob, BRAMLEY, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food David, JEFFERY, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide

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Keywords

coonawarra, georeferenced, ibmp, rootstock, vigour

Citation

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Green berries on Gewürztraminer (Vitis vinifera L.) in South Tyrol (Italy)

The grape variety Gewürztraminer is known to be affected by two physiological disorders namely berry shrivel and bunch stem necrosis. During the season 2014 we noticed a new symptomatology type of ripening disorder on the variety. The new symptom showed not all berries fallowing the normal maturation stages, but single berries remaining at a soft but green stage till harvest. The broad distribution of these so called “green berries” symptoms in different production sites of our region, caused huge damage due to the difficulty of eliminating single berries per bunch before harvesting. Therefore, the Research Centre Laimburg began to investigate the reasons and origins of this new symptom. This work shows the results of first attempts to find causes for the symptom as well as the resulting approach to mitigate symptoms. Applications of magnesium leaf fertilizer showed first promising results against this putative disorder. To study the causal effect of the green berries 30 symptomatic vineyards in 2014 have been selected for a monitoring during the season 2016. To evaluate the foliar nutrient treatment two vineyards have been selected for application of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride. Leaf and berry nutrient analysis, as well as the main quality parameters during ripening have been performed. As soon as “green berries” symptoms appeared, incidence and severity have been evaluated. Most of the symptomatic vineyards of the 2016 monitoring showed light to clear magnesium deficit symptoms on their foliage. Only during the seasons 2020 and 2021 “green berries” symptoms could be found in the leaf fertilizer treatment vineyards. Both seasons showed a significant effect of the magnesium treatments to reduce the incidence and severity of the symptom. It seems that the appearance of the “green berries” symptom on Gewürztraminer is correlated to a disturbed uptake of magnesium of the vines.

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Understanding vineyard variability to target management strategies, apply inputs efficiently and deliver consistent grape quality to the winery is essential. However, despite inherent vineyard variability, the majority are managed as if they are uniform. VitiCanopy is a simple, grower-friendly tool for precision/digital viticulture that allows users to collect and interpret objective spatial information about vineyard performance. After four years of field and market research, an upgraded VitiCanopy has been created to achieve a more streamlined, technology-assisted vine monitoring tool that provides users with a set of superior new features, which could significantly improve the way users monitor their grapevines. These new features include:
• New user interface
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• Reporting via the creation of colour maps that will allow users to assess the spatial differences in canopies within a vineyard.
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A multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the effects of the training system on the performance of “Aglianico del Vulture” vineyards

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