 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

Abstract

AIM: To investigate the impact of spatial variation in vine vigour on the accumulation of methoxypyrazines in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis has been shown to contain significantly higher concentrations of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) than that found in berry material. IBMP is readily extracted from rachis during fermentation and can impact the flavour profile of the produced wine1.

METHODS: Cabernet-Sauvignon vines (n = 105) grown on common rootstocks in Coonawarra, South Australia, were georeferenced and 6 bunches were harvested from each vine at maturity in 2020. Berries were removed and the rachis was analysed for IBMP by GC-MS/MS. Pruning weights were recorded as an indicative measure of vegetative growth over the past season. Visualisation and analysis of map layers was achieved through linear regression models and k-means clustering with the Precision Agriculture Tools plugin2 for QGIS software suite3.

RESULTS: Georeferenced maps of vine vigour and IBMP concentration in rachis showed similar spatial variance and a clear relationship between the two variables was evident across the vineyard. k-Means clustering revealed 3 distinct zones identified as high, medium, or low in both IBMP levels and vine vigour. Although rootstock influenced vine vigour, rootstock effects were much less than the variation in vine vigour caused by inherent vineyard variability, most likely variation in soil depth4. Linear regression between vine vigour and IBMP in rachis showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) and highlighted increases in vine vigour, which increased canopy size and decreased porosity, resulted in an increase of IBMP in rachis.

CONCLUSIONS

Vine vigour significantly correlates with IBMP in Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis. Their similar patterns of within-vineyard variation provide opportunities for grape growers to implement targeted management of vineyards in a zonal fashion.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Ross Sanders

Ross, SANDERS, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food,Paul, BOSS, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, and Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide Dimitra, CAPONE, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide Catherine, KIDMAN, Wynns Coonawarra Estate Rob, BRAMLEY, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food David, JEFFERY, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide

Contact the author

Keywords

coonawarra, georeferenced, ibmp, rootstock, vigour

Citation

A fine-scale approach to map bioclimatic indices using and comparing dynamical and geostatistical methods

Climate, especially temperature, plays a major role in grapevine development. Several bioclimaticindices have been created to relate temperature to grapevine phenology (e.g. Winkler Index, Huglin Index, Grapevine Flowering Véraison model [GFV]).

Étude des relations sol-vigne sur le vignoble de Côte Rôtie

La topographie du vignoble de Côte Rôtie, la prédominance de la non culture ainsi que la structure très légère des sols amènent les vignerons à s’interroger sur l’entretien du sol, la conduite de la fertilisation de leurs parcelles ainsi que sur le développement racinaire de la vigne.

Metatranscriptomic analysis of “aszú” berries: the potential role of the most important species of the grape microbiota in the aroma of wines with noble rot

Botrytis cinerea has more than 1200 host plants and is one of the most important plant pathogens in viticulture. Under certain environmental conditions, it can lead to the development of a noble rot, which results in a specific metabolic profile, altering physical texture and chemical composition. The other microbes involved in this process and their functional genes are poorly characterised. We have generated metatranscriptomic [1,2] and DNA metabarcoding data from three months of the Furmint grape variety, representing the four phases of noble rot, from healthy berries to completely dried berries.

is the overall ecological awarness among Spanish winemakers related to their attitudes towards natural wines?

The Agenda 2030 of the EU sets out the main guidelines for transitioning towards a resilient, green and safe economy. To this regard, the wine sector is experiencing an ecological transition in different ways such as increasing the production of ecological crops, or promoting the production of wines under more environmental-friendly and healthier (i.e., lower levels of SO2) products. These alternatives to conventional production are a smaller proportion of wines, in constant growth and demand, and follow alternative and minority practices, which range from sustainable to deeply philosophical thoughts. Among these methods there are organic, biodynamic and, more recently, natural wines.

Ability of lactic acid bacterial laccases to degrade biogenic amines and OTA in wine

Two of the most harmful microbial metabolites for human health that can be present in wines and either fermented or raw foods are biogenic amines (BA) and ochratoxine A (OTA). Winemakers are aware of the need to avoid their presence in wine by using different strategies, one of them is the use of enzymes. Some recombinant laccases have been characterized and revealed as potential tools to degrade these toxic compounds in wine[1], specifically biogenic amines[2].