 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 The effect of viticultural treatment on grape juice chemical composition

The effect of viticultural treatment on grape juice chemical composition

Abstract

AIM: Viticultural management regimes influence the soil elemental profile of a vineyard, determining the microbial community distribution, insect life, and plant biochemistry and physiology [1]. The interactions among these grapevines, pests and microbes can influence the chemical composition of grapes and, therefore, the metabolites of the wines [2,3]. The wine industry is becoming more aware of the importance that the vineyard ecosystem plays in grape and wine production; in addition, there is a growing desire to use fewer synthetic chemicals to promote natural and diverse vineyard ecosystems. This study investigates the effect of two different viticultural management approaches on grape juice composition. Key metabolites in juice samples originating from grapes subjected to different viticultural treatments (Contemporary – use of synthetic herbicides and Future – no use of synthetic herbicides) were measured prior to alcoholic fermentation.

METHODS: Key metabolites, including amino acids, C6 compounds, and thiol precursors, were quantified in this study using a combination of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS [4]. SPE was used to extract volatile C6-compounds from the juices before analysis [5,6]. Basic oenological parameters of the juice samples were also determined. Data analysis was carried out using the software R and MetaboAnalyst.

RESULTS: Twenty-wight important metabolites in New Zealand Sauvignon blanc, Pinot noir and Merlot juice samples were detected and measured. From the results, PERMANOVA factors (Variety, Vintage, Region and Treatment) were found to be significant (p-value < 0.05). Although the factor Treatment was less than the role of the intrinsic factors Variety and Vintage, it is essential to highlight that approximately 4.1% of the variation found within the data set can be attributed to the implementation of the viticultural management regimes.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the chemical profile of New Zealand grape juice from grapes grown under different vineyard management regimes was explored. The results confirmed that the difference in metabolite profiles between vineyard management regimes was small but detectable. This information is noteworthy and valuable for grape growers because of increasing concerns regarding the use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture and the shift towards improved sustainable horticultural practices.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank the Bragato Research Institute, New Zealand Winegrowers, and the Ministry of Business, Industry, and Employment (MBIE), for funding this work.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Jin Wang

University of Auckland, New Zealand,Bruno FEDRIZZI, University of Auckland Rebecca E. JELLEY, University of Auckland Farhana PINU, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Emma SHERMAN, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Damian MARTIN, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Claire GROSE, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited

Contact the author

Keywords

grape juice, viticultural treatments, amino acids, c6 compounds, thiol precursors

Citation

Research on the origin and the side effects of chitosan stabilizing properties in wine

Fungal chitosan is a polysaccharide made up of glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine and derived from chitin-glucan of Aspergillus niger or Agaricus bisporus. Fungal chitosan has been authorized as an antiseptic agent in wine since 2009 (OIV) and in organic wine in 2018. At the maximum dose of 10g/hl, it was shown to eliminate Brettanomyces bruxellensis, the main spoilage agent in red wines. Fungal chitosan is highly renewable, biocompatible (ADI equivalent to sucrose) and non-allergenic. However, winemakers often prefer to use sulfites (SO2), though sulfites are classified as priority food allergens, than chitosan. Indeed, many conflicting reports exist regarding its efficiency and its side effects towards beneficial wine microorganisms or wine taste. These contradictions could be explained by the heterogeneity of the fungal chitosan lots traded, the diversity of the wines (chemical composition, winemaking process), but also, by the recently highlighted huge genetic diversity prevailing in wine microbial species.

Increasing the sustainability of the viticulture and winemaking sector in the Republic of Moldova through the use of newly selected grape varieties

The global wine industry is increasingly feeling the impact of the climate crisis.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW RESVERATROL DERIVATIVES FORMED IN RED WINE AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Stilbenes are natural bioactive polyphenols produced by grapevine. Recently, we have reviewed the na- tural presence of these compounds in wines [1]. This study showed that the resveratrol and its glycoside, the piceid, are the most abundant stilbenes in wines. Resveratrol is a well-known stilbene with a wide range of biological activities. Due to its specific structure, resveratrol can be oxidized in wines to form various derivatives including oligomers [2]. In this study, we investigate the resveratrol and piceid transformation in wines.

Using climate services to project grapevine varietal adequation under climate change – application to cv. Tempranillo in the Douro wine region

Vine growth circumstances are becoming warmer and drier because of climate change. Higher temperatures advance ripening to a point in the season less conducive to the production of fine wine, while drought reduces yields (Van Leeuwen et al., 2019). Several wine-producing regions around the world have already recognized threats to their viticultural viability (Santos et al., 2020). An economical and cost-effective strategy for adaptation is the employment of late-ripening, drought-resistant plant material (varieties, clones, and rootstocks).

Modulating the phyllosphere microbiome in grapevine using plant biostimulants to enhance protection against biotic and abiotic stress

Context and purpose of the study. Climate change scenarios predict ever increasing frequency of drought events and coupled with disease outbreaks poses survival risks to perennial fruit crops such as grapevine.