 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 The effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, and Carmenère (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes during ripening

The effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, and Carmenère (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes during ripening

Abstract

AIM: Evaluating the effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Carmenère fruit during ripening of a Vertical shoot positioning, VSP, trained experimental vineyard with north-south row orientation.

METHODS: Cabernet-Sauvignon, Carmenère, and Merlot grapes were harvested from a VSP trained experimental vineyard with north-south row orientation, located in the O’Higgins Region of Chile (34°20’06.9″S 70°47’54.3″W). For each cultivar, three representative rows were selected, and 200 berries were randomly collected in a 50 m span, keeping samples of both sides of the canopy separated. Samplings were carried out fortnightly from the veraison to the harvest (i.e., 0, 7, 21, 35 and 49, days post veraison). Soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH were measured according to OIV-MA-AS313-01 and OIV-MA- AS313-15 methodologies. The content of glucose, fructose, malic acid, and tartaric acid in juices were analyzed by commercial enzymatic kits. Phenolic extracts were obtained by ultrasound maceration in a 50% ethanol-water mixture from which condensed tannins by the methylcellulose precipitation assay, total phenolics by Folin-Cioacalteu, and low molecular weight phenolics by HPLC-DAD were analyzed.

RESULTS: Contrary to some investigations, our results did not show major differences in fruit composition between the varieties and canopy side, particularly when major juice parameters such as sugars or acids were analyzed. Like so, the phenolics extracts did not show statistical differences when total phenolics or condensed tannins were compared according to canopy side but was possible to identify differences and highest phenolic amount within Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot compared to Carmenère; however, some of the low molecular weight phenolics significantly differ when varieties from different sides of the canopy were analyzed. For instance, catechin was significatively higher in fruit from the westside of the canopy in Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot, whilst east facing cluster from the three varieties had higher malvidin-3-glucoside concentration. Besides the prior, significant differences in the concentration of phenolics lengthwise the ripening, were observed for the tree varieties under study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Under the conditions of this study, only minor differences on fruit composition by varieties and canopy side were observed, particularly when it comes to low molecular weight phenolics.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Paula A. Peña-Martínez, Liudis L. PINO María A. NAVARRO, Felipe LAURIE

Universidad de Talca, Chile.

Contact the author

Keywords

canopy side, phenolics, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenère

Citation

Sur la réalité du lien entre le terroir et le produit : de l’analyse sémantique à l’approche écologique

The reflections presented here are a synthesis of a set of research on the construction of a scientific logic concerning the relations between the terroir, the vine, the wine, and on the study of a product, the wine, considered as the resulting from many interactions between factors of various orders. This work has benefited greatly from discussions of an epistemological as well as a technical nature with all the researchers at URVV (Angers) and with our colleagues at the Institut National des Appellations d’Origine, over several years.

Variabilité des critères de délimitation dans les AOC françaises

La délimitation de l’aire de production d’une appellation d’origine contrôlée française est une opération essentielle. Le décret-loi du 30 juillet 1935, qui a créé le système des appellations d’origine contrôlées

Effects of soil and climate on wine style in Stellenbosch: Sauvignon blanc

Une étude a été menée pendant neuf ans sur deux vignes non-irriguées de Sauvignon blanc commercialisés, plantées à différentes localités (A et B) dans le district de Stellenbosch. Deux parcelles expérimentales, situées sur deux formations géologiques différentes, ont été identifiées au sein de chaque vignoble. A chaque localité une des

THE FLAVANOL PROFILE OF SKIN, SEED, WINES, AND POMACE ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH TYPOLOGY AND CONTRIBUTES TO UNDERSTAND THE FLAVAN- 3-OLS EXTRACTION DURING RED WINEMAKING

Wine flavanols are extracted from grape skin and seeds along red winemaking. Potentially, eight flavan-3-ol subunits may be present as monomers or as tannins constituents, being these catechin, epicathechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin end the gallates of the mentioned units. In this work the flavanol profiles of grape skins and seeds before (grapes) and after (pomace) red winemaking were studied together with the one in the corresponding wines. The trials were made over two vintages in Vitis vinifera cv. Tannat, Syrah and Marselan from Uruguay.

Spotted lanternfly, a new invasive insect in vineyards: is it a threat to grapevines?

The spotted lanternfly (SLF; Lycorma delicatula) is a phloem-feeding polyphagous insect invasive to the Eastern U.S.. Since its first detection in Pennsylvania (U.S.) in 2014, large infestations and economic damage (e.g., decreased yield, vine decline, greater pesticide use) have been reported in an increasing number of vineyards, threatening the sustainability and growth of the wine industry in infested regions. Our team has been investigating the impacts of SLF phloem-feeding on physiological processes, fruit production, juice, and wine composition of different grape cultivars, and also evaluated if the SLF can transmit important grapevine pathogens. In addition, we are working closely with stakeholders to better enumerate the economic damage caused by this pest. These findings will provide relevant information to grape and wine producers to help identify action thresholds and develop a more targeted integrated pest management program.