 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Occurrence of methyl salicylate in lugana wines: aroma impact and biogenesis

Occurrence of methyl salicylate in lugana wines: aroma impact and biogenesis

Abstract

AIM: Methyl salicylate (MeSA) has been reported as a potentially impactful compound in Verdicchio wines produced in central Italy. Lugana is another white wine produced in the north-east of Italy from a grape locally known as Trebbiano di Soave, sharing a very similar genetic background with Verdicchio. The aims of this study were evaluating MeSA occurrence in Lugana, assessing its aroma impact on white wines aroma and elucidating its biogenesis during vinification.

METHODS: Fifteen Lugana wines were analysed for methyl salycilate content in comparison with Verdicchio, Pinot grigio and Garganega wines. MeSA impact on white wine aroma was studied by means of triangular test, adding MeSA at different concentrations. Possible routes of MeSA formation by yeast were investigated by means of a high throughput assay in which S. cerevisiae cells were put in contact with precursor such as salicylic acid (esterification) or glycosidic extracts (glycosidase). Sub-fractions of Lugana glycosidic extracts were also obtained by HPLC fractionation, allowing further evaluation of precursors role. MeSA formation was also followed during fermentation of Lugana must as well as during wine aging. All analyses of MeSA were carried out by SPME-GC-MS.

RESULTS: MeSA concentration in Lugana wines varied in the range 5-120 g/L, and was on average higher that in the other wines analysed. Sensory data showed that 20 µg/L of MeSA were sufficient to impact wine aroma, conferring floral and balsamic notes. Formation of MeSA was observed when yeast cells were in the presence of glycosidic extract, whereas esterification of salicylic acid was not confirmed. Release of MeSA from different HPLC fractions was observed, suggesting multiple possible precursors

CONCLUSIONS:

MeSA is present in Lugana wines at concentrations sufficiently high to impact wine aroma. MeSA odor in wine MeSA appears to be associated to floral attributes. MeSA formation is mostly due to yeast cleavage of grape glycosidic precursor

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Biolaffort is acknowledged for financial support.

DOI:

Publication date: September 24, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Davide Slaghenaufi, Carla INDORATO, Eduardo VELA, Filippo FORTE, Giovanni LUZZINI, Maurizio UGLIANO,

Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy,

Contact the author

Keywords

methyl salicylate; lugana; biogenesis; volatile compounds

Citation

Effect of different canopy managements on microclimate and carbon allocation in Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay

Climate change strongly affects the wine-growing sector which increasingly requires in situ adaptation strategies aimed at preserving the sustainability of production. Investigating microclimate becomes crucial in comprehending environmental pressures on plants. The microclimatic investigation conducted in the Orvieto PDO (central Italy) allowed us to highlight the climatic dynamics occurring in the last 25 years and the frequency and intensity of abiotic stresses. Two management strategies for the canopy were identified: early defoliation (ELR) and foliar application of Basalt Flour ® (FB) compared to the ordinary management (C) of the company (bud selection and topping). The effects on plant vigour indices (LAI), resource allocation in terms of carbon stored in the above-ground organs of the vine, and the microclimate of the canopy and the berry were evaluated. In particular, microclimate was evaluated through a network of sensors connected wirelessly (Wireless Sensor Network), dedicated to collecting information on temperature and humidity in the canopy and clusters.

The moment of preharvest elicitor application influence its final effect on winegrapes quality

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of grapes. Plants produce a wide variety of this type of metabolites through diverse biosynthesis pathways and their production is sometimes a response to external stimuli, either environmental or biotic stresses. Some of them may act as chemical defenses against pathogens or herbivores and their synthesis is increased when the attack exists. However, it is remarkable that the synthesis of these interesting compounds can be activated even when the stimulus is not present, with the use of elicitors. These are substances that when applied exogenously trigger the biosynthetic pathways conducting to the synthesis of these defense compounds.

Colloids in red wines: new insights from recent research

Despite their significant impact on wine quality and stability, colloids in red wine remain relatively under-researched. A series of studies, developed in the context of the d-wines project, aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure, composition, and formation mechanisms of red wine colloids by studying monovarietal wines from 10 of the most significant Italian red grape varieties. Starting from the idea that proteins, polysaccharides, and tannins should be involved in colloid formation, 110 monovarietal red wines were analysed for these components, revealing high inter- and intra-varietal diversity [1].

Soil management of interrow spacing as an important factor to protect the vineyard soils from runoff and erosion under the Mediterranean climate

Nearly one third of the Herault vineyard (south of France) is planted on soils very sensitive to water runoff and erosion

Impact of press fractioning on current and phenolic compositions of Pinot noir and Pinot meunier wines

In the Champagne’s region, a complete press cycle is a series of pressure increases (squeezes) and decreases (returns). After alcoholic fermentation, the two wines (the “cuvee” and the “tailles”) obtained from grape juice fractions exhibit strong differences for numerous characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no study of the impact of the press cycle, followed after each pressure increase (22-28 steps), on wine colour, current analyses and phenolic composition. So, the aim of this study (vintage 2020) was to investigate the composition changes of Pinot noir and Pinot meunier wines, produced from 22-28 grape juices isolated for each complete pressing cycle.