Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 A microbial overview of txakoli wine: the case of three appellations of origin

A microbial overview of txakoli wine: the case of three appellations of origin

Abstract

The Txakoli, a white wine produced in the Basque Country (North of Spain), has recently gained popularity due to wine quality improvement and increase in both acreages of production and wine consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical and microbiological differences between Txakoli wines made with grapes from different sites. Our analysis included Txakoli vineyards from three appellations of origin: Bizkaiko, Getariako, and Arabako Txakolina D.O.To describe the microbial composition, we sequenced using next generation sequencing the v4 domain of the 16S rRNA gene from 41 vineyard soils and grapes collected in 2016 and 2017. Metadata information (slope, orientation, soil edaphic properties, grape physical factors, etc.) was also collected and used to identify the potential environmental and factors responsible for the differences in the microbial composition of soils and grapes.Soil pH significantly associated with differences in soil bacterial composition, grouping the 41 vineyards into 5 clusters, regardless of vintage or appellation. The historical land usage of the properties was found to be also a significant factor determining soil bacterial composition. Interestingly, the bacterial composition of grape berries significantly depended on rootstock type, supporting a strong influence of the rootstock genotype on the fruit-microbial associations. When removing rootstock as a factor, sugar content and pH significantly correlated with microbial composition differences between sites, revealing grape maturity as an additional important factor that drives microbial associations in the fruit.

DOI:

Publication date: September 3, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Igor Baroja, Elena GARCÍA DE LA PEÑA, Iratxe ZARRAONAINDIA

University of the Basque Country, Ardoatek Dario, CANTU, University of California, Davis  And one, ESTONBA, University of the Basque Country, University of the Basque Country IKERBASQUE

Contact the author

Keywords

vineyard, microbiome, miseq, wine, txakoli

Citation

Related articles…

Shoot positioning: effect on physiological, vegetative and reproductive parameters

[English version below]

On a étudié durant deux saisons de croissance (2002/2003 et 2003/2004) l’effet de l’orientation vertical des rameaux sur les paramètres physiologiques, végétatifs et reproductifs dans la région de Stellenbosch dans un vignoble du cépage Merlot sur 99 R conduite à espalier et taillé a cordon coursonné. Les vignes étaient espacées 2.7 x 1.5 m. L’irrigation a été appliquée quand la baie avait la dimension d’un pois et a la véraison.

Read More

Stomatal abundance in grapevine: developmental genes, genotypic variation, and physiology

Grapevine cultivation is threatened by the global warming, which combines high temperatures and reduced rainfall, impacting in wine quality and even plant survival. Breeding for varieties resilient to these challenges must address plant traits such as tolerance to supraoptimal temperatures and optimized water use efficiency while minimizing productivity and quality losses. Stomatal abundance (SA) determines the maximum leaf potential for transpiration and thus water loss and cooling. Since SA results from a developmental process during leaf emergence and growth, knowledge on the genetic control of this process would provide specific targets for modification.

Read More

Deciphering the color of rosé wines using polyphenol targeted metabolomics

The color of rosés wines is extremely diverse and a key element in their marketing. It is due to the presence of red anthocyanins extracted from grape skins and pigments formed from them and other wine constituents during wine-making.

Read More

Origin of unpleasant smelling sulphur compounds during wine fermentation

The wine sector is undergoing considerable transformation, particularly as a result of climate change and increasing consumer expectations for quality products, in a globalised and increasingly competitive market.

Read More

Which potential for Near Infrared Spectroscopy to characterize rootstock effects on grapevines?

Developing rootstocks adapted to environmental constraints constitutes a key lever for grapevine adaptation to climate change. In this context, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used as a high-throughput phenotyping technique to simplify the study of rootstocks in grafted situations. This study is an exploratory analysis to evaluate the potential of NIRS acquired on grafted tissues to reveal rootstock effects as well as the plasticity of combinations of scion/rootstock to better characterize these interactions.
Through the study of 25 combinations (5 scions times 5 rootstocks) in a dedicated experimental vineyard, we showed that NIRS obtained from grafted tissues capture rootstock and scion/rootstock interaction signals, up to 20% of the total variance at specific wavelengths.

Read More