The analysis of structurally diverse proanthocyanidins in grapes and wine is challenging. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) are increasingly used to address the challenges associated with the analysis of highly complex samples such as wine and grapes
In red wine production, phenolic maturity is becoming increasingly important. Anthocyanins, flavonoids and total polyphenols content and availability significantly influence the harvest time of wine grapes while, during vinification process, their extraction strongly affects wine body, color and texture
For coopers, toasting process is considered as a crucial step in barrel production where oak wood develops several specific aromatic nuances released to the wine during its maturation
Grape composition is of high interest for producing quality wines. For that, grape analyses are necessary, and they still require sample preparation, whether with classical analyses or with NIR analyses.
Significant wine aroma can be formed from non-volatile precursors that are linked to sugars, including but not limited to grape-derived monoterpene and C13-norisoprenoid glycosides.
Cyberphysical systems can be seen in the wine industry in the form of precision oenology. Currently, limitations exist with established infrared chemometric models and first principle mathematical models in that they require a high degree of sample preparation, making it inappropriate for use in-line,
The metabolomics era started about 22 years ago, and wine was one of the first foodstuff subjects of analysis and investigation by this technique.