terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Accumulation of deleterious mutations in grapevine and its relationship with traits of interest for wine production and resilience

Accumulation of deleterious mutations in grapevine and its relationship with traits of interest for wine production and resilience

Abstract

Deleterious mutations that severely reduce population fitness are rapidly removed from the gene pool by purifying selection. However, evolutionary drivers such as genetic drift brought about by demographic bottlenecks may comprise its efficacy by allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate, thereby limiting the adaptive potential of populations. Moreover, positive selection can hitchhike mildly deleterious mutations due to linkage caused by lack of recombination. Similarly, in the context of species domestication, artificial selection mimics these evolutionary processes, which can have undesirable consequences for production and resilience. In this study, we evaluated the extent of the accumulation of deleterious mutations and the magnitude of their effects (also known as genetic load) at the whole-genome scale for ca. 500 grapevines including both wild Vitis species originated in three geographical regions (North America, Asia and Europe), and commercial varieties of V. vinifera ssp. sativa (using Illumina paired-end sequencing 20x from the 4k project[1]). We comparatively estimated the overall efficacy of selection as the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations in protein coding regions. We also performed various functional prediction analyses on the genomic sequence data to identify deleterious alleles and their effect on gene expression to quantify genetic load. In addition, 40 of the sequenced grapevine varieties were evaluated in an experimental common garden in Bordeaux (VitAdapt[2]). We obtained phenotypic traits related to wine productivity and resilience (e.g., phenology, biomass growth, water use efficiency and grape production) which allowed to analyse the correlation between the estimated genetic load and phenotypes. The results obtained from this work will contribute to the understanding of how we can best account for deleterious alleles and genetic load in new-generation grapevine breeding.

Acknowledgements: This study received financial support from the French government in the framework of the IdEX Bordeaux University “Investments for the Future” program / GPR Bordeaux Plant Sciences, and from the University of Bordeaux (PurVitis project).

1)  Dong, Y.,et al. (2023). Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution. Science, 379(6635), 892‑901.

2)  Destrac Irvine A. and van Leeuwen C. (2016) The VitAdapt project: extensive phenotyping of a wide range of varieties in order to optimize the use of genetic diversity within the Vitis vinifera species as a tool for adaptation to a changing environment. Climwine, sustainable grape and wine production in the context of climate change, 11-13 April 2016, Bordeaux. Full text proceedings paper, 165-171.

DOI:

Publication date: October 6, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Enrique Sáez-Laguna 1*, Gaëtan Craye 1, Agnes Destrac Irvine 2, Cornelis van Leeuwen 2, Nabil Girollet 2, Pierre-François Bert 2, Nathalie Ollat 2, Santiago González-Martínez 1, Marina de Miguel 2

1 BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, 33610 Cestas, France
2 EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

deleterious mutations, genetic load, fitness, grape, variety, production

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Design of microbial consortia to improve the production of aromatic amino acid derived compounds during wine fermentation

Wine contains secondary metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids (AADC), which can determine quality, stability and bioactivity. Several yeast species, as well as some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can contribute in the production of these aromatic compounds. Winemaking should be studied as a series of microbial interactions, that work as an interconnected network, and can determine the metabolic and analytical profiles of wine. The aim of this work was to select microorganisms (yeast and LAB) based on their potential to produce AADC compounds, such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, and design a microbial consortium that could increase the production of these AADC compounds in wines.

Read More

Influence of p-Coumaric Acid and Micronutrients on Growth and 4-Ethylphenol Production by Brettanomyces bruxellensis

The wine spoilage caused by Brettanomyces bruxellensis is one of the global concerns for winemakers. Detecting the presence of B. bruxellensis using routine laboratory culture techniques becomes challenging when cells enter the viable but not culturable (VBNC) state. This study aims to investigate the impact of p-coumaric acid (a volatile phenol precursor) and micronutrients on B. bruxellensis’ culturability, viability, and volatile phenol production under sulfite stress. In red wine, exposure to a high sulfite dose (100.00 mg L-1 potassium metabisulfite) resulted in immediate cell death, followed by a recovery of culturability after two weeks.

Read More

“Compost Application in the Vineyard: Effects on Soil Nutrition and Compaction”

The mechanization of pruning and harvesting in vineyards has increased the risk of soil compaction. To reclaim soil properties or avoid this degradation process, it is crucial to properly manage the soil organic matter, and the application of compost derived from the vines themselves is a strategy to achieve this. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of soil treated with different doses of compost applied both on the vine row and the inter rows of a Vitis vinifera crop.

Read More

Unveiling a hidden link: does time hold the key to altered spectral signatures of grapevines under drought?

Remote sensing technology captures spectral data beyond the visible range, making it useful for monitoring plant stress. Vis-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) spectroscopy (400-1000 nm) is commonly used to indirectly assess plant status during drought. One example is the widespread use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that is strongly linked to green biomass. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding the applicability of this method to all the drought conditions and if it is a direct correlation to the water status of the plant.

Read More

First results on the chemical composition of red wines from the pressing of marc

In the Bordeaux vineyards, press wine represents approximately 15% of the total volume of wine produced[1]. Valuing this large volume of wine is necessary from an economic point of view, but also because of their organoleptic contribution to the blend, and their contribution to the construction of wines for laying down. Therefore, this study was developed considering the lack of recent scientific knowledge on the composition of red press wines. The aim of this study is to establish an initial assessment of their chemical composition including aromatic compounds and a phenolic part.

Read More