terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Accumulation of deleterious mutations in grapevine and its relationship with traits of interest for wine production and resilience

Accumulation of deleterious mutations in grapevine and its relationship with traits of interest for wine production and resilience

Abstract

Deleterious mutations that severely reduce population fitness are rapidly removed from the gene pool by purifying selection. However, evolutionary drivers such as genetic drift brought about by demographic bottlenecks may comprise its efficacy by allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate, thereby limiting the adaptive potential of populations. Moreover, positive selection can hitchhike mildly deleterious mutations due to linkage caused by lack of recombination. Similarly, in the context of species domestication, artificial selection mimics these evolutionary processes, which can have undesirable consequences for production and resilience. In this study, we evaluated the extent of the accumulation of deleterious mutations and the magnitude of their effects (also known as genetic load) at the whole-genome scale for ca. 500 grapevines including both wild Vitis species originated in three geographical regions (North America, Asia and Europe), and commercial varieties of V. vinifera ssp. sativa (using Illumina paired-end sequencing 20x from the 4k project[1]). We comparatively estimated the overall efficacy of selection as the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations in protein coding regions. We also performed various functional prediction analyses on the genomic sequence data to identify deleterious alleles and their effect on gene expression to quantify genetic load. In addition, 40 of the sequenced grapevine varieties were evaluated in an experimental common garden in Bordeaux (VitAdapt[2]). We obtained phenotypic traits related to wine productivity and resilience (e.g., phenology, biomass growth, water use efficiency and grape production) which allowed to analyse the correlation between the estimated genetic load and phenotypes. The results obtained from this work will contribute to the understanding of how we can best account for deleterious alleles and genetic load in new-generation grapevine breeding.

Acknowledgements: This study received financial support from the French government in the framework of the IdEX Bordeaux University “Investments for the Future” program / GPR Bordeaux Plant Sciences, and from the University of Bordeaux (PurVitis project).

1)  Dong, Y.,et al. (2023). Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution. Science, 379(6635), 892‑901.

2)  Destrac Irvine A. and van Leeuwen C. (2016) The VitAdapt project: extensive phenotyping of a wide range of varieties in order to optimize the use of genetic diversity within the Vitis vinifera species as a tool for adaptation to a changing environment. Climwine, sustainable grape and wine production in the context of climate change, 11-13 April 2016, Bordeaux. Full text proceedings paper, 165-171.

DOI:

Publication date: October 6, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Enrique Sáez-Laguna 1*, Gaëtan Craye 1, Agnes Destrac Irvine 2, Cornelis van Leeuwen 2, Nabil Girollet 2, Pierre-François Bert 2, Nathalie Ollat 2, Santiago González-Martínez 1, Marina de Miguel 2

1 BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, 33610 Cestas, France
2 EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

deleterious mutations, genetic load, fitness, grape, variety, production

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Atypical aging (ATA) is a white wine fault characterized by the appearance of notes of wet rag, acacia blossoms and naphthalene, along with the vanishing of varietal aromas. 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP) – a degradation compound of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – is regarded as the main sensorial and chemical marker responsible for this defect. About the origin of ATA, a stress reaction occurring in the vineyard has been looked as the leading cause of this defect. Agronomic, climatic and pedological factors are the main triggers and among them, drought stress seems to play a crucial role.[1]

Read More

Biodiversity and biocontrol ability of Trichoderma natural populations in soil vineyards from Castilla y León region (Spain)

Trichoderma is a microorganism present in many agricultural soils and some of its species could be used as natural biological control agents. In this work, the presence of natural populations of Trichoderma was estimated in soil vineyard and its biocontrol capacity against Phaeoacremonium minimum, one of the main agent causals of grapevine trunk diseases instead of using pesticides. Moreover, physicochemical variables in soil such as pH, organic matter and nutrients were evaluated to determine a possible correlation to natural populations of Trichoderma.

Read More

Nitrogen forms and Iron deficiency: how do Grapevine rootstocks responses change?

Grapevine rootstocks provide protection against environmental biotic and abiotic stresses. Nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) are growth-limiting factors in many crop plants due to their effects on the chlorophyll and photosynthetic characteristics. Iron nutrition of plants can be significantly affected by different nitrogen forms through altering the uptake ratio of cations and anions, and changing rhizosphere pH. The aim of this study was to investigate the response mechanisms of grapevine rootstocks due to the interaction between different nitrogen forms and iron uptake.

Read More

Influence of polysaccharide extracts from wine by-products on the volatile composition of sparkling white wines

In the production of sparkling wines, during the second fermentation, mannoproteins are released by yeast autolysis, which affect the quality of the wines. The effect of mannoproteins has been extensively studied, and may affect aroma and foam quality. However, there are no studies on the effect of other polysaccharides such as those from grapes. Considering the large production of waste from the wine industry, it was proposed to obtain polysaccharide-rich extracts from some of these by-products[1].

Read More

Under-vine management effects on grapevine vegetative growth, gas exchange and rhizosphere microbial diversity

The use of cover crops under the vines might be an alternative to the use of herbicides or tillage, improving grapevine quality and soil characteristics. The aim of this research was to study the implications of different management strategies of the soil under the vines (herbicide, cultivation or cover crops) on grapevine growth, water and nutritional status, gas exchange parameters and belowground microbial communities.
The experimental design consisted in 4 treatments applied on 35L-potted Tempranillo vegetative grapevines with 10 replicates each grown in an open-top greenhouse in 2022 and 2023. Treatments included two cover crop species (Trifolium fragiferum and Bromus repens), herbicide (glyphosate al 36%) and an untreated control.

Read More