 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Influence on grape aroma of nitrogen compounds and elicitors foliar applications in vineyards

Influence on grape aroma of nitrogen compounds and elicitors foliar applications in vineyards

Abstract

AIM: The grape volatile compounds determine the wine quality and typicity [1]. Thus, looking for agronomic tools to improve its composition it is of great interest in the sector [2]. The aim of this work was to study the effects of several foliar applications in Garnacha, Tempranillo, and Graciano grapevines in order to enhance their grape volatile composition.

METHODS: The field trial involved the application of two nitrogen compounds, urea (Ur) and phenylalanine (Phe), and two elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and a yeast extract (YE), as well as a control (water) in vines of these grape varieties. All treatments were carried out at veraison and one week later. The grapes were collected at their optimal technological maturity. The analysis of grape volatile compounds was carried out by HS-SPME-GC-MS [3].

RESULTS: For Garnacha, most terpenes, and C13 norisoprenoids increased their grape content by applying Ur and Phe, and especially MeJ; there is a large increase in 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethanal with the Phe application. For Tempranillo, treatments with Ur and MeJ improved the synthesis of most terpenoids, while the application of Phe was negative for the content of C13 norisoprenoids; and benzenoid compounds increased, in general, with all foliar treatments. For Graciano, a trend to decrease the terpenoids content in grapes with the treatments was observed, especially with Ur and YE; Phe application increased C13 norisoprenoids content, while the application of YE significantly decreased them; this treatment decreased benzyl alcohol and increased 2-phenylethanol contents in grapes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The effect of foliar applications on volatile composition was dependent on the grape variety. The most positive treatments were: Phe and MeJ for Garnacha, Ur and MeJ for Tempranillo, and Phe for Graciano.

DOI:

Publication date: September 1, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Sandra Marín-San Román, Carretera De Burgos, Sáenz De Urturi P. Rubio-Bretón E. Baroja E.P. Pérez-Álvarez T. Garde-Cerdán*

Instituto De Ciencias De La Vid Y Del Vino (Csic, Universidad De La Rioja, Gobierno De La Rioja). Carretera De Burgos, Km. 6. 26007 Logroño, Spain *

Contact the author

Keywords

volatile compounds; grape; must; hs-spme-gc-ms; aroma; foliar application; elicitors; nitrogen compounds

Citation

Sensory and chemical profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon wines exposed to different irrigation regimes during heatwaves

Heatwaves, defined as three or more consecutive days above average historical maximum temperatures, are having a significant impact on agricultural crop yields and quality, especially in arid or semi-arid regions with reduced water availability during the growing season.

Impact of deficit irrigation strategies on terpene concentration in Gewürztraminer grapes

Deficit irrigation is a viticultural practice often applied to improve the phenolic composition of red grapes and wines. However, the impact of this practice on grape terpenes – key aromatics for several grapes and wines – remains largely unknown. This study investigated the impact of deficit irrigation strategies on free and glycosylated terpenes in Gewürztraminer grapes. In a field study conducted in Oliver, BC, in 2016, 2017, and 2018, deficit irrigation regimes were applied to Gewürztraminer vines at different developmental stages (pre-veraison = Early Deficit, ED; post-veraison = Late Deficit, LD; throughout the season = Prolonged Deficit, PD). A well-irrigated control (CN) treatment was also established.

Uncovering the influence of vineyard management on fungal community structure and functional diversity within above-ground compartments

In viticulture, microbial communities – particularly fungi – play a vital role in plant health, disease management, and grape quality.

Accumulation of polyphenols in Barbera and Nebbiolo leaves during the vegetative season

Grapevine berries produce thousands of secondary metabolites of diverse chemical nature that have been largely detailed in the past due to their importance for defining wine quality. The wide Vitis vinifera diversity, resulting in thousands of different varieties well detailed in many studies regarding berries, is still not investigated in vegetative organs, leaves in particular. Deepening knowledge related to this aspect could be of great interest for many reasons (for example the possibility of using leaf extract for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutrition purposes) but, above all, for understanding the susceptibility of different grapevine varieties to pathogens.

Vineyard microclimate alterations induced by black mulch through transcriptome reshaped the flavoromics of Cabernet Sauvignon

To alter the vineyard microclimate and produce quality wine under a semi-arid climate, black geotextile inter-row mulch (M) was applied for two vintages (2016-2017). The grapes were sampled at three growing stages to conduct the untargeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The upregulated genes related to photosynthesis and heat shock proteins confirmed that M weakened the total light exposure and grapes suffered severe heat stress, resulting in lower sugar and higher acids at harvest. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified the key genes responsible for the enhancements in phenylalanine, glutamine, ornithine, arginine, and C6 alcohol concentrations, and the downward trend in ε-viniferin, anthocyanins, flavonols, terpenes and norisoprenoids concentrations in M grapes.