 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 Preliminary evaluation of agronomic and enological properties of preselected grapevine clones of ‘Tempranillo’ and ‘Graciano’ in DOCa Rioja (Spain)

Preliminary evaluation of agronomic and enological properties of preselected grapevine clones of ‘Tempranillo’ and ‘Graciano’ in DOCa Rioja (Spain)

Abstract

AIM. Cultivation of a few number of clones is causing the loss of vineyard biodiversity, resulting in the disappearance of biotypes that could be of interest to face future challenges, such as climate change or appearance of new pests. This topic is so relevant that OIV dedicated a recent resolution (OIV, 2019) to the recovery and conservation of intra-varietal diversity. In order to avoid the loss of grapevine intra-varietal diversity of DOCa Rioja grape varieties, Regional Government of La Rioja established a germplasm bank with more than 1.600 accessions, which origin lies in the prospecting and sampling of ancient vineyards located throughout the whole region. 30 clones of Tempranillo and 13 clones of Graciano were preselected and multiplied in a new vineyard for further observations. The aim of this work is to describe the first results obtained from the agronomic characterization of these preselected clones, which constitute the base of a new clonal selection that aims to increase the range of available certified clones.

METHODS. Candidate clones (30 cv. Tempranillo; 13 cv. Graciano) were planted in 2016 in an experimental vineyard in La Rioja (Spain). A complete randomized block design was set up with four replicates of 10 plants. In 2020, clones were evaluated according to their phenological data (time of bud burst, full bloom, veraison and physiological ripeness). At harvest, yield parameters were determined: weight of 100 berries (g), cluster weight (g), fertility (clusters/shoot), yield (kg/plant) and cluster compactness (OIV descriptor Nº204). Must chemical composition was determined by analyzing ºBrix, pH, total acidity (g/l), tartaric acid (g/l), malic acid (g/l) and potassium (mg/l). The following vegetative growth parameters were determined: average shoot weight (g), pruning fresh weight (kg/plant) and Ravaz Index. In addition, clones were vinified and wine physical-chemical parameters, total phenolic index (TPI), anthocyanin content (mg/l) and color intensity were determined.

RESULTS. Significant differences between clones were found for each parameter. Results confirmed therefore the huge wide genetic variability existing between the clones regarding their agronomic behaviour. Moreover, clones also showed great differences regarding wine composition. Nonetheless, data collection needs to continue for at least 3 vintages in order to fulfill their caracterization independently from climatic conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Clones have shown big differences in many of the parameters analyzed. The diversity found is a potential tool for the selection of those candidates with the best properties and constitutes the best guarantee of adaptation of these varieties to future objectives and environmental conditions.

DOI:

Publication date: September 1, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Javier Portu , Gobierno de La Rioja, Finca La Grajera, Elisa BAROJA, Juana MARTÍNEZ. Luis RIVACOBA. Enrique GARCÍA-ESCUDERO,

Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC). Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, Logroño, La Rioja 26007, Spain,

Contact the author

Keywords

intra-varietal diversity, climate change, clonal selection, genetic erosion

Citation

Short-term relationships between climate and grapevine trunk diseases in southern French vineyards

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Projected changes in vine phenology of two varieties with different thermal requirements cultivated in La Mancha DO (Spain) under climate change scenarios

The aim of this work was to analyze the phenology variability of Tempranillo and Chardonnay cultivars, related to the climatic characteristics in La Mancha Designation of Origin, and their potential changes under climate change scenarios. Phenological dates referred to budbreak, flowering, veraison and harvest were analyzed for the period 2000-2019. The weather conditions at daily time scale, recorded during the same period, were also evaluated. The thermal requirements to reach each of these phenological stages were calculated and expressed as the GDD accumulated from DOY=60. Changes in phenology were projected by 2050 and 2070 taking into account those values and the projected temperatures and precipitation, simulated under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios –RCP4.5 and RCP8.5– using an ensemble of models. The average phenological dates during the period under study were, April 16th ± 6.6 days and April 5th ± 6.0 days for budbreak, May 31st ± 6.0 days and May 27th ± 5.3 days for flowering, July 26th ± 5.6 days and July 25th ± 5.8 days for veraison, and Ago 23rd ± 10.8 days and Ago 17th ± 9.0 days for harvest, respectively, for Tempranillo and Chardonnay. The projected changes in temperature imply an average change in the maximum growing season (April-August) temperatures of 1.2 and 1.9°C by 2050, and 1.6 and 2.6°C by 2070, under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. A reduction in precipitation is predicted, which vary between 15% for 2050 under RCP4.5 scenario and up to 30% by 2070 under RCP8.5. The advance of the phenological dates for 2050, could be of 6, 7, 7, and 8 days for Tempranillo and 4, 6, 6 and 9 days for Chardonnay, respectively for budbreak, flowering, veraison and harvest under the RCP4.5 scenario. Under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, the advance could be up to 30% higher.

Effect of vigour and number of clusters on eonological parameters and metabolic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines

Vegetative growth and yield are reported to affect grape and wine quality. They can be controlled through different techniques linked to vine management. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of vine vigour and number of clusters per vine on physicochemical composition and phenolic profile of red wines. The experiment was carried out during two vegetative cycles, with cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grafted onto Paulsen 1103. Three vine vigour were defined, according to shoot weight at previous harvests, being low, medium and high. Five treatments of number of clusters were used for each vigour, with 15, 22, 29, 36, and 45 clusters per vine. Grapes from all treatments were harvested in the same day from Brix and total acidity criteria. Thirty days after bottling, classical analyzes and phenolic compounds were performed. As results, different responses were obtained from each vintage. In 2020, a dry season from veraison to harvest, grapes and wines obtained from low vigour treatment and 45 clusters per vine was the highest in sugar and alcohol content respectively, while grapes and wines from high vigour and 15 clusters presented the lowest sugar and alcohol content. Total anthocyanins were higher in treatment with low vigour and 15 clusters, while the lowest amounts were found in low vigour with 45 clusters, as well as medium and high vigour with 36 clusters per vine. Total tannins were higher in high vigour with 22 clusters and medium vigour with 29 clusters, while were lower in low vigour with 36 clusters. In 2021, a wet season at harvest, responses were different, and great variations were observed between treatments. As conclusions, yield and vine vigour had strong influence on grape and wine quality, promoting different enological potentials on which can be indicated/used for aging strategies of red and even rosé wines.

Local adaptation tools to ensure the viticultural sustainability in a changing climate

How can historical cultivars mitigate the effects of climate change?

IFV, INRAe and the national network “Partenaires de la Sélection Vigne” representing 37 organizations from the different wine regions, have been working increasingly closely over the last 2 decades towards the preservation of the French varietal patrimony. There are approximately 600 patrimonial varieties according to INRAe and SupAgro Montpellier experts, including ancient cultivars (400) and intravarietal crossbreeds obtained since the 19th century. In the context of a drastic reduction in such varieties from the mid 1980’s in favor of mainstream varieties, it was essential to carry out an inventory of old vines and vineyards. INRAe Vassal collection plays a key role here as it holds the largest diversity available, along with a rich bibliography and herbariums, offering us the opportunity to document and double check the identity of a cultivar, consolidating the expertise of ampelographers. The work is carried out in several stages, from verifying the existence of a variety in a small region, through to rehabilitation. During this session, the authors present the process that leads to the official registration of a variety. After this, IFV selection center takes over to initiate the process of selection and propagation. A specific focus within regions such as the Alps, Champagne and the South-West will provide details of the full procedure. Bia, Bouysselet, Chardonnay rose, Mecle and the aptly named Tardif, are some of the cultivars that have followed this procedure. Furthermore, a recent regulation established by INAO on “varieties of interest for adaptation purposes” might boost uptake by growers. Since 2006, 36 historical cultivars have been registered. Most of these have been neglected in the past due to late maturity, lack of sugar and high titratable acidity at harvest time. Such characteristics are today considered as positive qualities, not only in mitigation of the effects of climate change, but also as an opportunity for restoring diversity…