 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Grapevine diversity and viticultural practices for sustainable grape growing 9 The effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, and Carmenère (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes during ripening

The effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, and Carmenère (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes during ripening

Abstract

AIM: Evaluating the effects of canopy side on the chemical composition of Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Carmenère fruit during ripening of a Vertical shoot positioning, VSP, trained experimental vineyard with north-south row orientation.

METHODS: Cabernet-Sauvignon, Carmenère, and Merlot grapes were harvested from a VSP trained experimental vineyard with north-south row orientation, located in the O’Higgins Region of Chile (34°20’06.9″S 70°47’54.3″W). For each cultivar, three representative rows were selected, and 200 berries were randomly collected in a 50 m span, keeping samples of both sides of the canopy separated. Samplings were carried out fortnightly from the veraison to the harvest (i.e., 0, 7, 21, 35 and 49, days post veraison). Soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH were measured according to OIV-MA-AS313-01 and OIV-MA- AS313-15 methodologies. The content of glucose, fructose, malic acid, and tartaric acid in juices were analyzed by commercial enzymatic kits. Phenolic extracts were obtained by ultrasound maceration in a 50% ethanol-water mixture from which condensed tannins by the methylcellulose precipitation assay, total phenolics by Folin-Cioacalteu, and low molecular weight phenolics by HPLC-DAD were analyzed.

RESULTS: Contrary to some investigations, our results did not show major differences in fruit composition between the varieties and canopy side, particularly when major juice parameters such as sugars or acids were analyzed. Like so, the phenolics extracts did not show statistical differences when total phenolics or condensed tannins were compared according to canopy side but was possible to identify differences and highest phenolic amount within Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot compared to Carmenère; however, some of the low molecular weight phenolics significantly differ when varieties from different sides of the canopy were analyzed. For instance, catechin was significatively higher in fruit from the westside of the canopy in Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot, whilst east facing cluster from the three varieties had higher malvidin-3-glucoside concentration. Besides the prior, significant differences in the concentration of phenolics lengthwise the ripening, were observed for the tree varieties under study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Under the conditions of this study, only minor differences on fruit composition by varieties and canopy side were observed, particularly when it comes to low molecular weight phenolics.

DOI:

Publication date: September 2, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Paula A. Peña-Martínez, Liudis L. PINO María A. NAVARRO, Felipe LAURIE

Universidad de Talca, Chile.

Contact the author

Keywords

canopy side, phenolics, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenère

Citation

Within-vineyard spatial variation impacts methoxypyrazine accumulation in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon

To investigate the impact of spatial variation in vine vigour on the accumulation of methoxypyrazines in the rachis of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Cabernet-Sauvignon rachis has been shown to contain significantly higher concentrations

A pragmatic modeling approach to assessing vine water status

Climate change scenarios suggest an increase in temperatures and an intensification of summer drought. Measuring seasonal plant water status is an essential step in choosing appropriate adaptations to ensure yields and quality of agricultural produce. The water status of grapevines is known to be a key factor for yield, maturity of grapes and wine quality. Several techniques exist to measure the water status of soil and plants, but stem water potential proved to be a simple and precise tool for different plant species.

Profiling the Metschnikowia yeast populations in spontaneous fermentation of Amarone della Valpolicella

The microbial diversity during spontaneous grape must fermentation has a determinant influence on the chemical composition and sensory properties of wine. Therefore, yeast diversity is an important target to better understand wine regionality. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize the yeast core microbiota in grape must during the early stage of lab-scale spontaneous fermentation of withered grapes to produce Amarone della Valpolicella wine (Verona, Italy).

Diagnosis of soil quality and evaluation of the impact of viticultural practices on soil biodiversity in a Southwestern France vineyard

The soil plays a pivotal role in the agroecological transition processes, due to its numerous implications in production support, water regulation, air and nutrient supply, and its function of reservoir for the major part of planet biodiversity. Therefore, soil quality and adequate soil management are key levers for an ecologically and economically sustainable viticulture. Gascogn’Innov (2017-2022) is an Operational Group funded by the European Innovation Partnership for Agriculture. As such, it gathered winegrowers from the south-west of France (Gascony), scientists, advisors and technicians, around a project focused on the biological functioning of viticultural soil and the design of better-adapted technical paths for soil protection.

Utility of leaf removal timing and irrigation amounts on grape berry flavonoids under climate change

Context and purpose of the study – The dormant and growing season temperatures in California USA have been increasing with more clear sky days. A consequence increasing temperatures and clear sky days is water deficit conditions. Viticulturists must determine appropriate balances of canopy management and irrigation budgeting to produce suitable yields without compromising berry chemistry. In response, a study designed to test the interactive effects of leaf removal timing and applied water amounts on Cabernet Sauvignon/110R in Napa Valley, CA.